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惡性血液病數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分析系統(tǒng)的建立
【關(guān)鍵詞】 ,血液腫瘤Establishment of an analysis system based on clinical database of malignant blooddiseases
【Abstract】 AIM: To establish a database system based on the data of clinical hematological malignant blood diseases, which has the functions of fuzzy research, data analysis assisted diagnosis and scientific statistic. METHODS: With the assistance of Windows operating system, Delphi6 was used as a simple tool to develop clients visiting port as well as for the analysis, and SQL Server 2000 as the developing and managing tool for rational database, to accomplish the analysis and statistics of data after integrating the statistical systematic software SPSS11.0 into the database system. RESULTS: The electronic case files and database system of “hematological malignant diseases” was established, which contained the complete information of the diagnosis and therapy of such patients with an aim to provide any time inquire, comparison with relative cases, analysis and statistic of the correlated information with graph and diagram. CONCLUSION: This hematological malignant diseases database system can resolve some problems of keeping case files in paper and accomplish the digitization of clinical data, with the function of intellectual inquiry and authoritative database analysis, which makes it convenient for doctors to make objective evaluation of the diagnosis and therapy.
【Keywords】 hematological neoplasms;Database;data mining;assistant diagnoses; statistical analyses;SPSS;rough set
【摘要】 目的:建立一個(gè)基于臨床惡性血液病(hematological malignant disease, HM)案為數(shù)據(jù)源,并具有模糊查詢,數(shù)據(jù)分析輔助診斷,科學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)等功能的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng). 方法:以Windows操作系統(tǒng)為平臺(tái),Delphi6作為開(kāi)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)客戶訪問(wèn)端和簡(jiǎn)單分析的工具,SQL Server2000作為關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開(kāi)發(fā)和管理工具,并將SPSS 11.0集成到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)分析統(tǒng)計(jì)功能. 結(jié)果:建立HM電子病歷和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng),較完整的記錄患者的診斷和治療信息,實(shí)現(xiàn)隨時(shí)查詢,對(duì)相似病例比較分析和對(duì)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)挖掘及圖形或圖表統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的功能. 結(jié)論:集智能查詢,數(shù)據(jù)挖掘和具有權(quán)威性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析為一體的HM數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng),減輕了書(shū)面病例維護(hù)難的問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)臨床數(shù)據(jù)源數(shù)字化. 有利于醫(yī)生對(duì)診療過(guò)程的療效分析和做出客觀評(píng)價(jià).
【關(guān)鍵詞】 血液腫瘤;數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù);數(shù)據(jù)挖掘;輔助診斷;統(tǒng)計(jì)分析;SPSS軟件;粗糙集
0引言
血液病分類多而且數(shù)據(jù)量十分龐大,增加了診斷方面復(fù)雜性和不確定性,為此我們應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術(shù)和成熟的計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)技術(shù),以臨床病例為數(shù)據(jù)源,建立起具有職能查詢,對(duì)臨床案例進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)挖掘,輔助醫(yī)生診斷,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng). 該系統(tǒng)具有專家系統(tǒng)的特性,不僅可輔助醫(yī)生做出初步診斷而且對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)具有強(qiáng)大挖掘和分析功能. 使醫(yī)生能更快學(xué)到更多的臨床知識(shí),積累更多的臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn).
1材料和方法
1.1硬件和操作系統(tǒng)環(huán)境要求數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器初步建立在個(gè)人PC機(jī)上,PC配置應(yīng)為Intel Pentium 1.8 G或更高,內(nèi)存大于128 M,硬盤剩余空間不少于2GB. 操作系統(tǒng)為Win2000或更高版本. 在前期開(kāi)發(fā)階段,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器以個(gè)人PC機(jī)為硬件平臺(tái).
1.2數(shù)據(jù)源模塊本數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以臨床病例為數(shù)據(jù)源,包括文本數(shù)據(jù)、圖像和圖形等,可以對(duì)各檢查項(xiàng)目和治療方案進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的記錄. 同時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)將錄入分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和檢查診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立起知識(shí)庫(kù).
1.3數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)模塊由于SQL Server 2000是一個(gè)功能完備的正規(guī)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)[1],它不僅具有一些大型數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)具備的特性如 :支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)挖掘、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SQL語(yǔ)言、存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程和觸發(fā)器等,而且與Windows操作系統(tǒng)有機(jī)集成,具有方便易使用的圖形界面,極易安裝和學(xué)習(xí). 所以我們采用它作為本數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)工具. ①數(shù)據(jù)完整性:使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)規(guī)則和約束機(jī)制對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的類型進(jìn)行限制,并且以患者為中心建立多表之間的一一對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,從而確保數(shù)據(jù)的正確性和完整性. ②數(shù)據(jù)安全性:首先,備份事務(wù)日志,在由于誤操作等而引起數(shù)據(jù)損壞情況下,可利用事務(wù)日志將數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)恢復(fù)到以前正常狀態(tài)下. 其次,與客戶訪問(wèn)程序聯(lián)合建立用戶權(quán)限機(jī)制,對(duì)于不同用戶設(shè)置不同的權(quán)限級(jí)別,防止對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的非法操作. 最后,建立觸發(fā)器機(jī)制,在數(shù)據(jù)錄入之前確保數(shù)據(jù)正確性和合法性. ③數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)移植:由于SQL Server2000提供了很方便的附加數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)向?qū),從而使我們可以不同主機(jī)之間移植數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),這樣可避免重復(fù)多次輸入數(shù)據(jù)的麻煩. ④數(shù)據(jù)維護(hù): 針對(duì)惡性血液病有不同的分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的特點(diǎn),數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)內(nèi)部將根據(jù)不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)作不同的分類. 同時(shí)也將一些常用的分型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)錄入到庫(kù)中如:FAB分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn),WHO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等,這樣更利于醫(yī)生及時(shí)查閱. 以上四個(gè)方面,作為客戶端接口,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開(kāi)發(fā)和維護(hù)模塊基本上可以滿足
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