̽Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)(du)D(sh)^W(xu)ĝBӰ
ՓP(gun)I~ϢW(xu)
ՓժҪϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)Փ(du)D(sh)^W(xu)ă(ni)M(jn)ĶʹD(sh)^W(xu)оă(ni)оČ(du)U(ku)M(jn)ˈD(sh)^W(xu)İl(f)չ
һϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)cD(sh)^W(xu)ĜYԴP(gun)ϵ
Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)Դ1919˹Thorstein VeblenġY|(zh)1919P(gun)֪R(sh)L(zhng)(gu)ؔ(ci)Ҫ(li)ԴՓ(jng)^(gu)ʮSĽ(jng)(j)W(xu)ҵIJиŬŸRĿˣJacobs Marschak1959ġϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)u(png)Փһ(bio)־Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)Įa(chn)20o(j)90ԁ(li)Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)ĻՓ̓(ni)ɞ(jng)(j)W(xu)֪R(sh)҇(gu)(du)Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)оʼ20o(j)80Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)ČW(xu)g(sh)M(jn)չ·֞I(lng)ᘌ(du)еϢϵy(tng)ϢYԴеĽ(jng)(j)(wn)}ڈD(sh)^W(xu)(bo)W(xu)I(lng)(ni)Ҳչ_(ki)^оӑՓϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)l(f)չͬr(sh)ҲȻP(gun)W(xu)ưl(f)չ͝BD(sh)^W(xu)Ҳ⣬ཻBl(f)չ
Ϣ(jng)(j)УD(sh)^HLjD(sh)īI(xin)ղص֪R(sh)Ϣӹ͵Ĉ(chng)ͨ^(gu)M(jn)Ϣ(jng)(j)гְl(f)]ĹܺáD(sh)^ѳɞ֪R(sh)߶ܼϢa(chn)I(y)ҪMɲϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)cD(sh)^W(xu)ײ^(gu)дM(jn)˸Եİl(f)չU(ku)оČ(du)оă(ni)ݡ
Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)Ĵ_Ͱl(f)չD(sh)^W(xu)עµă(ni)M(jn)ˈD(sh)^W(xu)İl(f)չ׃D(sh)^W(xu)Ҫо(sh)ֻW(wng)j(lu)ؽoD(sh)^|(zh)ìܡl(f)չҎ(gu)ܵT控(li)׃^m(x)̽D(sh)^ՓA(ch)D(sh)^W(xu)оķՓwϵԻA(ch)Փоָ(do)D(sh)^W(xu)W(xu)ƽO(sh)ȫ֡Ϣ(jng)(j)oD(sh)^İl(f)չ(li)õęC(j)ҲʹR(yn)(zhn)
⣬D(sh)^Ϣ(jng)(j)a(chn)I(y)еһ(g)l(f)չҎ(gu)ɺ͌(sh)`ՓD(sh)^W(xu)cϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)֮g(ni)ڵ(lin)ϵ20o(j)90ĩ҇(gu)ĈD(sh)^W(xu)̌W(xu)λD(sh)^W(xu)ϵϢϵϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)ҲF(xin)ϢϵnϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)ǽ(jng)(j)ƌW(xu)Ϣr(sh)İl(f)չm(x)nj(du)(jng)(j)W(xu)(wn)}µ(hu)cg(sh)h(hun)еM(jn)һо(du)ڈD(sh)^W(xu)I(y)(li)f(shu)Ҳ˱زٵČI(y)n̡
P(gun)Ϣ(jin)
Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)(du)D(sh)^W(xu)Ӱ푺͝BԏՓM(jn)̽ӑ
1.Ϣ(du)QՓ
Ϣ(du)QԴ(jng)(j)W(xu)ҰG. Akerlof1970ķnj(du)QϢՓ^nj(du)QϢ(du)(yng)Ľ(jng)(j)w֮g(du)QֲP(gun)¼֪R(sh)ʷֲnj(du)QϢՓJ(rn)飺1P(gun)Ϣڽp֮gķֲDz(du)Qһһռ^P(gun)Ϣһ̎Ϣ(yu)(sh)(du)t̎Ϣӄ(sh)2p(du)Ϣռϵ(du)λ
Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)Ϣ(du)QՓˌ(du)D(sh)^Ϣ(du)QF(xin)оD(sh)^Ϣ(w)Ϣ(du)QЩF(xin)Ϣ(du)Q(du)D(sh)^Ϣ(w)ʲôӰ푡D(sh)^νͷ(w)Ϣ(du)Q̶pؓ(f)ӰȵS@һо룬(du)M(jn)D(sh)^Ϣ(w)O(qing)ĬF(xin)(sh)x
D(sh)^xcˆTُ(gu)T(mn)c(sh)D(sh)^cD(sh)^cϵY֮gϢIJ(du)Qtr(sh)ڸÈD(sh)^Ϣ(w)RĆ(wn)}(zhn)
2.̖(ho)Փ
1973~ˠ˹˹Michael Spencer̖(ho)Փ̖(ho)ՓоβЧQϢ(du)Qx(wn)̖(ho)ՓҪӑՓ@ӵһNrϢһͨ^(gu)ʹ܉?yn)鹫^쵽ġ̖(ho)Ϣһŵf˽Ϣ
3.ьՓ
1961Ρ˹ٸգGeorge.J.Stiglerl(f)Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)f(shu)Ϣȫ^ϢȫһĬF(xin)@ƪՓьՓĵƷьՓJ(rn)˂(du)Ϣьеģһ(g)ɱf^(gu)ьsǺ(jin)εfp_(ki)ʼһьr(sh)g(ni)fȻ_(ki)ʼfp(du)ڈD(sh)^ճIJ¹һN(du)ϢьД࣬?yn)ьijɱfM(jn)Ѓ(w)DZҪ
Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)Փ(du)D(sh)^(w)ģʽӰ푺ָ(do)
Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)(du)D(sh)^W(xu)Ӱ푺͝BʹD(sh)^W(xu)挦(du)D(sh)^F(xin)r(wn)}_(ki)չµĿƌW(xu)оϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)(du)D(sh)^W(xu)Ӱ푺͝BʹD(sh)^W(xu)оă(ni)оČ(du)U(ku)M(jn)ˈD(sh)^W(xu)İl(f)չϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)͈D(sh)^W(xu)ՓҕǺSĔ(sh)(j)Y(ji)회(du)D(sh)^Ľɫ(w)ģʽl(f)չM(jn)¶λ
1.Ѓ(w)о
ĈD(sh)^W(xu)̽ӑЃ(w)(wn)}ǴͬЃ(w)һǡ(chung)ա|(zh)ķ(w)D(sh)^^T(mn)׃D(sh)^顰(sh)^ȵՓǙ(qun)֮Ӌ(j)߀džλОǵòƌW(xu)Ľጵ@Ѓ(w)xˈD(sh)^ּҲ(dng)ȻܵͬЂu(png)x_(ki)ˈD(sh)^ĘI(y)(w)O(sh)ӵD(sh)^ϵ挦(du)Ϣr(sh)Ҳϰl(f)չD(sh)^(w)齛(jng)(j)O(sh)(w)@һּһM(jn)ƌW(xu)оI(lng)Ѓ(w)cD(sh)^ϢYԴģʽm(yng)ġF(xin)D(sh)^ϢYԴγɻγNģʽo(w)(w)ġ^ģʽԻЃ(w)ġ̘I(y)ģʽЃco(w)(w)Y(ji)ϵԺߞġ(w)ģʽW(xu)УD(sh)^Þ鱾У(w)ǰ(hu)I(y)ṩЃ(w)Ĺͬc(din)^؞A(ch)Է(w)Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)Ӱ푺͝BD(sh)^Ѓ(w)̽ṩЧՓ(j)ϢĹՓÑƫϢr(ji)ďՓϢĭh(hun)ʹ֮ڿƌW(xu)ĻA(ch)Чذl(f)չЩW(xu)J(rn)o(w)(w)cЃ(w)Y(ji)όLjD(sh)^ϢwƸĸĻȡ(hu)Чc(jng)(j)Чǰ(j)ϢYԴģʽIJͬ͵ĈD(sh)^(yng)ƶ^ˡҎ(gu)
^c(din)(w)ȫƷϢ(w)һNܼͺ֪R(sh)ܼ͵ĸ(j)(w)ʽʹÃr(ji)ֵͽQr(ji)ֵȫͨ^(gu)(w)ȡ(bo)ЃϢ(w)=ЃϢ+Ѓ(w)SϢr(sh)ĵ(li)֪R(sh)ԵYa(chn)팢Hֵ֪R(sh)̎ͷ(w)ֵϢЃ(w)twF(xin)@һl(f)չڅ(sh)(du)D(sh)^ϢYԴ_(ki)l(f)Խ(li)ԽҪD(sh)^W(xu)tǽY(ji)ψD(sh)^Č(sh)H(du)Ѓ(w)ģʽM(jn)̽ӑоJ(rn)Ϣ(yng)^(q)e(du)(du)̘I(y)_(ki)l(f)r(ji)ֵϢQ(mo)I(y)(jng)(j)ʘ(l)ȣwF(xin)(jng)(j)Ч桱ԭt_(ki)չЃ(w)(du)ϢȻYԴȣP(gun)ϵ(hu)l(f)չ(yng)wF(xin)(hu)Ч桱ԭt_(ki)չo(w)(w)DZϢ^(du)̘I(y)_(ki)l(f)
ϢW(xu)(du)W(xu)Ӱ푺͝BSϢr(sh)ѽ(jng)(li)֪R(sh)ԵYa(chn)팢Hֵ֪R(sh)̎ͷ(w)ֵϢЃ(w)@һl(f)չڅ(sh)wF(xin)鹫I(y)|(zh)ĈD(sh)^ИI(y)(w)_(ki)չH(gu)ҵh(yun)h(yun)_(ki)չN͵Ѓ(w)Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)͈D(sh)^W(xu)l(f)չSDZҪܸȵĝMxߵIJͬӴε
2.D(sh)^ԭta(b)
D(sh)^W(xu)ĈD(sh)^Ļԭt磺xߵһԷ(w)ģöؕ(sh)ȵǏČ(sh)`и(li)΄(sh)¾Ҫa(b)µă(ni)
D(sh)^ĻìяġcīI(xin)ṩl(f)չxÑϢīI(xin)cϢ̎Ϣ(w)īI(xin)ṩìD(sh)^Ϣ(w)мȻОЃ(w)Ñôxߵһ͑(yng)U(ku)xߺÑԷ(w)о͑(yng)Ѓ(w)
Ѓ(w)õ϶ėl£(yng)Чc(jng)(j)ЧY(ji)ϵԭt߀(yng)(j)ͬD(sh)^ϢYԴģʽIJƶ^ˡԭt
(j)(gu)HD(lin)}׃(zhn)D(sh)^c(jng)(j)l(f)չ(yng)D(sh)^齛(jng)(j)l(f)չ(w)ԭtD(sh)^龫O(sh)(w)(yng)ͻ齛(jng)(j)l(f)չ(w)@ǷψD(sh)^c(hu)l(f)չҎ(gu)ɵ
3.Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)ĝBӿˈD(sh)^(sh)ֻF(xin)IJ
Ϣ(jng)(j)D(sh)^Ĕ(sh)ֻl(f)չṩM(jn)Ϣg(sh)O(sh)ɵϢW(wng)j(lu)SĔ(sh)ϢYԴӵĶýwϢ(w)ֶһ(sh)ֈD(sh)^Ҳɞһ(g)µĽ(jng)(j)L(zhng)c(din)Ԯa(chn)(jng)(j)ЧϢa(chn)I(y)һ(g)@ӵD(sh)^(yng)ԓӏ(qing)(lin)˺ӿ씵(sh)ֻM(jn)̡·(w)ֶĸC(j)ơxߙ(qun)ȷľCϽO(sh)D(sh)^Ҫm(yng)Ϣ(jng)(j)Ĵh(hun)eO(dng)(chung)Ե_(ki)չI(y)cl(f)չ_(ki)õĿgӏ(qing)(lin)W(wng)g(sh)ͼg(sh)ڈD(sh)^đ(yng)úռ_D(sh)^֪R(sh)ռӹ^(gu)еļɢĵλ
D(sh)^W(xu)J(rn)飺īI(xin)YԴ_(ki)l(f)ǂy(tng)ĈD(sh)^Ҫa(chn)ƷϢYԴ_(ki)l(f)tǬF(xin)D(sh)^һ(g)ҪF(xin)D(sh)^ѽ(jng)ĆһĈD(sh)~˷(w)λϢṩߵIJľ(w)ߵ_(ki)ŷ(w)ɕ(sh)D(zhun)ƵϢfԃ(g)D(sh)^I(y)(w)h(hun)(ji)϶؞˱λ˼
4.D(sh)^W(xu)ĸºM(jn)
Ϣ(jng)(j)ϢһNƷ@һM(jn)D(sh)^W(xu)Փ֮Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)ԭ(li)D(sh)^ijЩīI(xin)ϢYԴa(chn)ُ(gu)I(mi)^(gu)ȫܺͱҪ@ͲɱشM(jn)D(sh)^W(xu)ijЩĸºM(jn)Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)ijЩ硰īI(xin)ѳԽԭָЃr(ji)ֵĈD(sh)īI(xin)Yϵķy(tng)ӡˢͳͷӡˢ͵ĬF(xin)ôŎP(pn)Ƅ(dng)ӲP(pn)ȴ惦(ch)O(sh)䱣ijīI(xin)߀ϾW(wng)j(lu)˳ֵ_(ki)l(f)ϢYԴϢƷϢƷr(ji)ϢϢϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)ĸҲɱҪM(jn)D(sh)^W(xu)СM(jn)¸Ǟ˽bԱY(ji)ψD(sh)^Č(sh)Hо
ֻǎׂ(g)Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)ă(ni)S(du)оI(lng)VĈD(sh)^W(xu)Ӱh(yun)ֹڴˡ(yng)ԓָײĻʹD(sh)^W(xu)о_(ki)ҕҰ{(dio)˼·δD(sh)^W(xu)оĈD(sh)^F(xin)ìD(sh)^W(xu)ͻīI(xin)ϢоW(xu)ܴʹЩ(du)D(sh)^γ(zhn)(hu)ϢԃC(j)(gu)ҪϢ(li)ԴҲx_(ki)D(sh)^D(sh)^W(xu)оȲ܁Gă(ni)Ҳܹ̲Է
īI(xin)
[1],x,.Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)(2)[M].:ߵȳ,2007.
[2]Ⱥ.Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)cD(sh)^W(xu)cײ[J].W(wng)j(lu)Ϣ,2008(5):97-99.
[3]Ļ.D(sh)^ɾ̃(yu)ģʽо[J].F(xin)(bo),2008,8(8):161-163.
[4]RҸ.P(gun)Ϣ(jng)(j)h(hun)ЈD(sh)^cl(f)չ˼[J].ɽ|(jng)(j)(zhn)о,2008(5):61-63.
[5]ƽ,m.D(sh)^l(f)չоҕ[J].(gu)҈D(sh)^W(xu),2007(4)(62):6-11.
[6].Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)cD(sh)^[J].ĴD(sh)^W(xu)(bo),2004,(l)(137):8-10.
[7].ԇϢ(jng)(j)W(xu)cD(sh)^W(xu)P(gun)ϵ[J].(bo)YϹ,2007(2):10-13.
[8]Z,ɏ.Ϣ(du)Q(du)D(sh)^Ϣ(w)Ӱ[J].Kg(sh)W(xu)ԺW(xu)(bo),2003,3(1):74-77.
[9]n,.Ϣ(du)QڸУD(sh)^x߷(w)еıF(xin)(du)߷[J].r(nng)I(y)W(wng)j(lu)Ϣ,2007(9):94-95.
[10]o,S(qing).D(sh)^С(du)QϢķ˼[J].(bo)̽,2005,7(4):42-44.
̽Ϣ(jng)(j)W(xu)(du)D(sh)^W(xu)ĝBӰ푡P(gun)£
惦(ch)(jng)(j)W(xu)̽01-15
(dng)ǰϢӋ(j)ƌW(xu)I(y)̌W(xu)̽11-18
W(wng)j(lu)Ϣ(du)CAO(sh)ؓ(f)Ӱ푼̽12-07
(jng)(j)W(xu)ĵ¿ƌW(xu)|(zh)̽11-17
(sh)(yn)(jng)(j)W(xu)(du)(jng)(j)W(xu)ՓӰо12-02
ԇՓ(du)D(sh)^W(xu)͈D(sh)^W(xu)о(du)˼12-05
mԒwӰ̽Փ12-02
W(wng)j(lu)I(yng)N(xio)(du)(hu)Ӌ(j)Փ͌(sh)(w)Ӱ푵Ľ̌W(xu)̽12-05
\h(sh)Cԭt(du)(jng)(j)W(xu)l(f)չӰ03-27
- P(gun)]