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反客為主：是時(shí)候向面試官提問了
Faced with one pointed question after the next regarding your career, a job interview can quickly take on the feel of an interrogation.
面對著接二連三有關(guān)于你個(gè)人職業(yè)生涯的問題，你會(huì)很快就覺得一場面試就像是一場審訊會(huì)。
But employers aren't the only ones who get to poke and pry during the sit-down. By asking thought-provoking questions, you can not only collect valuable information but also distinguish yourself from the pack.
但是在這個(gè)座談當(dāng)中，能問東問西的并非只能是雇主方。通過問一些引發(fā)思考的問題，你不僅可以收集有價(jià)值的信息，還能讓你脫穎而出。
"It means that you're thoughtful about the process and that you're very interested in the position because you took the time to think of questions that would be substantive," says Cheryl Palmer, a career coach and founder of the career coaching firm Call to Career.
“意思是你對整一個(gè)過程很有自己的想法，對職位本身很感興趣。因?yàn)槟慊藭r(shí)間去想一下實(shí)質(zhì)的問題。” 職業(yè)導(dǎo)師Cheryl Palmer如是說。她同時(shí)也是Call to Career職業(yè)指導(dǎo)公司的創(chuàng)辦人。
Here are some questions you can ask and tips for interpreting the responses from your interviewer.
以下給大家提供了一些面試過程中可以問的問題，以及對面試官反饋的解讀。
1. How has this position evolved since it was created?
1. 從設(shè)立這個(gè)職位以來，這個(gè)職位發(fā)成了怎樣的變化?
Getting a brief history on the role should clear up whether the position has expanded over the years or has been a dead end for employees, Palmer says.
Palmer表示，對這個(gè)職位的歷史有一個(gè)簡單的了解會(huì)讓你知道該職位已經(jīng)存在多年還是一個(gè)員工的死胡同。
Interpreting the response: If the interviewer says the position has expanded beyond its original scope (and is continuing to do so), that signifies an opportunity for growth within the company. If the position has stayed static for years, don't expect to blossom there. Depending on your career ambitions, the latter response isn't necessarily bad, Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反饋：如果面試官表示這個(gè)職位的職能已經(jīng)超出最原始的范圍(并且還在不停擴(kuò)大)，那么這個(gè)職位在這家公司就會(huì)有非常好的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。如果好幾年這個(gè)職位停滯不前，那就別指望它能開花結(jié)果了。當(dāng)然Palmer也表示，根據(jù)自己的職業(yè)期望，后一種情況也并非一定是壞事。
2. What have past employees done to succeed in this position?
2. 過去的員工是如何采取行動(dòng)在這個(gè)職位當(dāng)中取得成功的?
Knowing how the organization measures achievements will help you understand what the expectations will be and whether you have the skill set to meet them, Palmer says. But don't undermine your past accomplishments just because your route to success doesn't match up with the one embraced by the company. "You also don't want to be too narrowly defined by what other people have done. Because you're a different person, you may approach things a little differently," she says.
Palmer說，知道這家機(jī)構(gòu)如何去衡量成功會(huì)幫助你了解公司對你的期望，以及你是否具備必要的技能去滿足公司的需求。但是，也不要因?yàn)橹叭〉贸晒Φ穆窂讲槐滑F(xiàn)在的雇主看好而否認(rèn)之前的成績。她說道，“你也不想很狹隘地根據(jù)別人做過的事被評判。因?yàn)槟闶橇硗庖粋�(gè)人，你處理事情也就會(huì)和他人有所不同。”
Interpreting the response: You may hear a description that highlights the positive and negative attributes of your predecessor. That could be a good indicator of the company's culture. "Typically, what one person has done to be successful is what the organization tends to do to be successful," Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反饋：你聽到的回答可能會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)對于該職位上一個(gè)員工正面或者負(fù)面的描述。這可能是企業(yè)文化很好的一個(gè)風(fēng)向標(biāo)。Palmer說：“個(gè)人在哪方面取得成功，那么一家公司往往也在這方面取得成功。”
3. What have you enjoyed most about working here?
3. 在這里工作最開心的是什么?
Your prospective boss can relay what he or she values most and what led to his or her personal success with the organization. Then, Palmer says, you can internally ruminate about whether you share the same values and can envision yourself working there.
你將來的上司會(huì)向你傳達(dá)他最看重的方面，以及在這家公司當(dāng)中是什么促成了他的個(gè)人成功。Palmer說，“以此，你可以從內(nèi)部思考你是否有相同的價(jià)值觀，并且想象你如何在這個(gè)工作。”
Interpreting the response: Your interviewer may commend the company for everything from benefits to year-end bonuses. On the other hand, "if they're struggling to come up with something positive about why they like working there, chances are good that you're not going to be able to come up with anything positive after having worked there either," Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反應(yīng)：你的面試官可能會(huì)從各種福利聊到年終獎(jiǎng)。從另外一個(gè)方面講，”如果他們挖空心思和你講在這里工作好的方面，那么到時(shí)候你在這個(gè)地方工作了一段時(shí)間之后也會(huì)想不出這個(gè)地方有什么好來。”Palmer說道。
4. What is the top priority for the person in this position over the next three months?
4. 在未來三個(gè)月，對這個(gè)崗位上的員工來說，什么事最重要的?
This question is helpful so you know what to focus on if you do get the position, Palmer says. Without a clear expectation, she adds, you won't know what to accomplish or how to make the right impression during your first days on the job.
Palmer說：“問這個(gè)問題很有用，可以讓你知道要是真正開始工作之后，你需要去關(guān)注什么。”她補(bǔ)充說道，“沒有一個(gè)明確的期望，你就無法知道要完成什么工作，以及如何在工作的頭幾天留下一個(gè)恰當(dāng)合適的印象。”
Interpreting the response: You may be told that you need to complete 15 tasks rather than two or three. "If these are all big initiatives that they want you to handle, probably not that doable," Palmer says.
面試官反應(yīng)的解讀：你有可能聽到你要完成不止兩個(gè)三個(gè)的任務(wù)，而是15個(gè)。Palmer 說，”如果這些任務(wù)都是些大條目，那么他們也許并非那么可行。”
5. What are the qualities of successful managers in this company?
5. 在這家公司的成功管理者的素質(zhì)有哪些?
If you're interviewing for a managerial position, you'll want knowledge of the skills and core competencies the company treasures in a leader, says David Lewis, founder and president of OperationsInc, a Connecticut-based human resources outsourcing and consulting firm. If excellent people skills and multitasking top the list, emphasize how you've demonstrated those traits throughout your career.
David Lewis是OperationsInc公司的創(chuàng)始人兼總裁，這家公司總部在康乃狄克州，主營人力資源外包和咨詢。他說，”如果你去面試一個(gè)管理崗的職位，你就想知道這家公司看中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者哪方面的技能。” 如果良好的人際交往能力和多任務(wù)處理能力在在最受關(guān)注之列，那么就要強(qiáng)調(diào)你在你的職業(yè)生涯當(dāng)中你是如何體現(xiàn)出來的。
Interpreting the response: According to Lewis, you may get a response along these lines: "The best managers in our organization are independent thinkers, are good teachers and completely aligned with the direction the company is going in. " If he or she can't name a single star in the managerial stable, that's problematic and speaks to an organization short on progress and promotions, Lewis notes.
解讀面試官的反應(yīng)：Lewis表示，你可能會(huì)得到這樣的回答：”我們公司里最好管理者都是獨(dú)立的思考著，都是好的導(dǎo)師并且和公司發(fā)展方向完全一致。“如果她不能在管理隊(duì)伍里例舉出一個(gè)明星人物，那就有點(diǎn)問題了。而且這種情況有可能暗示著這家公司發(fā)展不順，提拔少。”
6. If offered the position, can you give me examples of ways I would collaborate with my manager?
6. 如果得到了這個(gè)職位，你能否舉幾個(gè)例子告訴我如何和我的經(jīng)理合作?
As an entry-level staffer, you may want to work with management as a means to showcase your skills and move up. But there's a distinction between simply taking orders and actively working with a superior who is grooming you for something better. "[Finding] out how an organization utilizes people at the staff level is key," Lewis says. "Is it a dictatorial environment or a collaborative one? "
作為一個(gè)初入職場的員工，你需要知道如何和管理團(tuán)隊(duì)去合作以表現(xiàn)你的技能從而得到提拔。但是，和單單接受指令比起來，積極地去和一位愿意扶持你的上司公事是完全不同的。“這是一個(gè)專制的環(huán)境還是一個(gè)協(xié)作的環(huán)境?”
Interpreting the response: The employer may be short on examples or dismiss the notion of working with management altogether. Prod further, Lewis says, and find out why that it is. There may be a legitimate reason behind why the company doesn't promote collaboration.
解讀面試官的反饋：雇主有無法例舉出相關(guān)的例子并且可以避諱與管理層合作這樣的概念。Lewis督促說，可以再進(jìn)一步追問一下原因。、如果一家公司不提倡合作，其中也可能有合理的原因。
7. What are some challenges that will face the person filling this position?
7. 填補(bǔ)這個(gè)職位空缺的人將會(huì)面臨怎樣的挑戰(zhàn)?
You owe it to yourself to know what you're up against. "It just gives you a reality check," Palmer says. The drawbacks may differ depending on whether the position is managerial or entry-level. As a manager, you may oversee a department that runs on a shoestring budget. As a lower-level staffer, you may work odd hours or get stuck with assignments that lack substance.
去了解自己所要面對的狀況是面試者自己的事情。Palmer說，“這算是一次情況的核實(shí)”。管理崗和入門崗所面臨的障礙是不一樣的。作為一個(gè)經(jīng)理，你可能會(huì)去監(jiān)管一個(gè)只依靠有限的經(jīng)費(fèi)運(yùn)營的部門。作為初入職場的員工，你可能需要在自己的閑暇時(shí)間去完成一個(gè)沒有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的任務(wù)。
Interpreting the response: The interviewer may point out the least offensive parts of the job. But if he or she denies any downside whatsoever, that should raise doubts about his or her credibility. "Any boss that tells you there are not challenges, they're lying. It's just that simple," Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反應(yīng)：面試官有可能只指出該崗位當(dāng)中最不傷大雅的部分。但是，如果他否認(rèn)任何缺點(diǎn)，那么你就該對他的可信度有所懷疑了。Palmer 說，“當(dāng)任何一個(gè)老板告訴你沒什么挑戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候，那么他們就在撒謊。就這么簡單。”
8. Do you have any hesitations about my qualifications?
8. 你對我的資歷有任何的疑問嗎?
Asking a question like this lets the interviewer know that you're secure enough to openly discuss your vulnerabilities. It also signals confidence and the ability to be coached, says John Kador, author of "301 Best Questions to Ask on Your Interview. " "Coachability is a hugely attractive attribute as far as interviewers are concerned," he explains.
問這樣的問題可以讓面試官知道你是可以放開討論你的弱勢的。這也表明了你自信和可塑性。《面試最佳301問》的作者John Kador如是說。他同時(shí)也說：“可塑性對于面試官來說是個(gè)非常具有吸引力的方面。”
Interpreting the response: At your urging, the interviewer may voice concerns about a lack of training in certain areas or gaps in employment. Rather than gloss over your shortcomings, address them and put up a respectful and reasonable defense. "You may be able to come up with a satisfactory response, you may not," Kador says. "But at least you have the chance."
解讀面試官的反應(yīng)：在你的追問下，面試官有可能會(huì)表示你在某些方面缺少培訓(xùn)經(jīng)歷。此時(shí)，與其對你的缺點(diǎn)遮遮掩掩，倒不如大方提及這個(gè)問題，并且以一種禮貌合理的方式解釋。Kador說：“你有可能得到一個(gè)滿意的回應(yīng)，也有可能不。但至少你有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。”
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