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  • 職稱英語考試復習最全的單詞記憶法

    時間:2020-12-03 18:36:09 職稱英語 我要投稿

    2016年職稱英語考試復習最全的單詞記憶法

      詞匯選擇是職稱英語中第一個考試項目, 它考察應試者在一定語境下對單詞或短語的理解。從表面上,這是詞匯的考題,實際上這是一種最簡單的閱讀理解題。這里要給大家澄清一個概念,任何一種語言的語義最小單元是句子,而不是詞。但是詞匯或短語的理解對于句子的理解起著重要的作用。

    2016年職稱英語考試復習最全的單詞記憶法

      詞匯不足的人在英文聽、說、讀、寫各方面的能力都會受到嚴重限制。一般大多數(shù)人認為背單詞既吃力,又成效不大。實際上,若能采用適當?shù)姆椒ǎ粌H可以縮短擴大詞匯量所需的時間,并且能提高記憶單詞的質量。下面在本課的第一部分向大家推薦六種單詞記憶法,僅供參考。

      一、結合記憶法

      將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環(huán)境——句子中,結合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:

      slope

      n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度

      There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。

     、谛泵;斜坡

      We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

      vi. 傾斜。

      The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。

      critical

      adj. ①批評(性)的`,吹毛求疵的

      I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

     、诰o要的,關鍵的;危急的

      His condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報告他的情況非常危急。

      通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。

      二、同類記憶法

      將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。

      如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學校長”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。

      再如bachelor(學士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個詞都表示學位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。

      這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。

      三、比較記憶法

      把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進行記憶和積累。

      例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.

      A. started

      B. finished

      C. changed

      D. made

      答案:B

      例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.

      A. largely

      B. possibly

      C. just

      D. rarely

      答案:C

      Merely/ only/ just

      四、構詞法記憶法

      通過掌握構詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構詞法:

      1)轉化,即由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類。例如:

      picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪

      water (n)水-water (v)澆水

      例題1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.

      A. behavior

      B. style

      C. mode

      D. attitude

      答案:A

      解釋:

      Conduct (v.)引導,管理,為人,傳導

      Conduct (n.)操守,行為

      Conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導體等

      Semi-conductor 半導體

      例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

      A. suffer

      B. accept

      C. receive

      D. endure

      答案:D

      解釋:

      bear (n.)熊

      bear (v.)負擔, 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠

      2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞,例如:

      happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)

      例題1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

      A. promote

      B. paint

      C. polish

      D. produce

      答案:D

      例題2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

      A. mental

      B. physical

      C. natural

      D. hard

      答案:B

      man-, manu- =hand

      manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產(chǎn)), manumit(釋放)

      例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類C級)

      A. every year

      B. severely

      C. actively

      D. every month

      答案:A

      Ann= year

      Anniversaire (French)

      Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)

      3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:

      wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

      pea(豌豆) nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)

      例題1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.

      A. judgement

      B. result

      C. decision

      D. event

      答案:B

      五、根義記憶法

      利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。

      比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:

      a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.

      b) She is my immediate neighbor.

      c) the immediate cause

      若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義

      中間沒有間隔(地)

      1)(時間)立刻;

      2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,

      3)(關系)直接

      例題1:He will leave immediately.

      A. far away

      B. right away

      C. right here

      D. soon

      答案:B

      例題2:Can you follow the plot?

      A. change (www.yingyukaoshi.com0

      B. investigate

      C. understand

      D. write

      答案:C

      請看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?

      She went into the building, followed by a group of students.

      The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

      I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

      六、幾組對容易混淆詞進行特別記憶

      (1)有些字可當形容詞又可當副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

      We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)

      We went by a fast train. (形容詞)

      We had breakfast early. (副詞)

      Don't speak so fast.(副詞)

      (2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。

      (A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:

      Stand easy!

      He's not easily satisfied.

      (B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)

      The bullet went clear through the door.

      The thieves got clearly away.

      (C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;

      The birds are flying high.

      He was highly praised for his work.

      (D) Slow 和 slowly當副詞時同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強.

      I told the driver to go slow(er).

      Drive slowly round these bends in the road.

      (E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;

      He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)

      He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)

      (F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;

      I've just seen him.

      He was justly punished.

      (G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;

      He went to bed late.

      I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.

      (H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;

      The situation seems pretty hopeless.

      She was prettily dressed.

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