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  • 雅思聽力選擇題解題技巧

    時(shí)間:2024-08-19 15:20:46 雅思(IELTS) 我要投稿
    • 相關(guān)推薦

    雅思聽力選擇題解題技巧

      引導(dǎo)語(yǔ):選擇題型是雅思聽力的必考題型之一,對(duì)于這種題型的做題方法,大家是必須需要掌握的。下面小編就為大家介紹一下雅思聽力選擇題型做題方法,大家可以對(duì)此進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)膮⒖肌?/p>

    雅思聽力選擇題解題技巧

      雅思聽力中的選擇題型包括單選題,多選題與配對(duì)題,是兩大基本題型之一(另一為填空題型)。

      考試中同學(xué)們對(duì)選擇題型的普遍感覺是:信息出現(xiàn)速度快,比較雜亂,因而易錯(cuò)。

      要解決選擇題型一定要把握住聽力的出題思路,亦即它的核心考查方向:Listening Comprehension(聽力理解)。

      一、特點(diǎn)分析

      為了考查考生的聽力理解能力,雅思聽力采用了兩大方法:Indirect Information(間接信息)與Trap(干擾項(xiàng))。

      間接信息指的是:錄音中聽到的內(nèi)容與正確選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容貌離神合,經(jīng)常是文字不一致,但意思一致。

      干擾項(xiàng)指的是:錄音中聽到的內(nèi)容與若干錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容貌合神離,往往是文字一致,但意思風(fēng)馬牛。

      例1: Cambridge4 Test 4 Section 2 Question 13

      The walks offered by Travellite

      A. cater for a range of walking abilities.

      B. are planned by guides from the local area.

      C. are for people with good fitness levels.

      錄音:Each day we offer three separate walks catering for all skills and fitness levels.

      解析:干擾項(xiàng)為C選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中的fitness levels是干擾的重點(diǎn),與錄音原文文字一致,但起限定作用的形容詞good與錄音原文中all含義不一致,所以C是錯(cuò)選。

      正確選項(xiàng)為A選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中的walking abilities指的就是錄音原文中的fitness levels, 而a range of指的就是錄音原文中的all, 因此A是正確選項(xiàng).

      例2:Cambridge5 Test 2 Section 2 Question 18-20

      Which THREE things can the general public do to help the charity Pedal Power?

      A. organize a bicycle collection

      B. repair the donated bikes

      C. donate their unwanted tools

      D. do voluntary work in its office

      E. hold an event to raise money

      F. identify areas that need bikes

      G. write to the government

      錄音:Also, you could help by contacting the voluntary staff at our offices. They’ll be able to suggest activities you could organize to bring in funds for us.

      解析:這個(gè)多選題的D選項(xiàng)是一個(gè)極其容易錯(cuò)選的干擾項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)與錄音中都有voluntary, 但意思并不一致,選項(xiàng)講的是做志愿者工作,錄音講的是聯(lián)系機(jī)構(gòu)中的志愿者。相反,E選項(xiàng)雖然沒有一樣的文字,但意思完全對(duì)應(yīng),選項(xiàng)中的event和money分別就是錄音里的activities和funds, 所以是正確選項(xiàng)。

      因此得出一個(gè)結(jié)論:雅思聽力中的正確選項(xiàng)往往不像,干擾項(xiàng)往往很像;

      和分享一個(gè)體會(huì):雅思聽力的出題思路生動(dòng)的再現(xiàn)了經(jīng)典的英國(guó)國(guó)民性格即:含蓄或拐彎抹角。

      必須特別注意的是,絕大部分選擇題在解題過程中都要做到的必不可少的一步是:Paraphrase(同意轉(zhuǎn)換);如all-a range of, fitness levels-walking abilities, activities-event, funds-money…。

      這是由于聽力的根本考點(diǎn)是Listening Comprehension, 于是也就有了選擇題型Indirect Information和Trap的特點(diǎn),最后也就決定了要做好選擇題型一定要做好Paraphrase; 聽力中Paraphrase做的好不好,直接決定了一次考試的成敗。

      二、針對(duì)方案

      (以Paraphrase為核心的解題方法)

      讀題

      解題的基礎(chǔ)是讀題,讀好題相當(dāng)于解了一半的題。讀題的重點(diǎn)在于找好Keywords(關(guān)鍵詞)。找關(guān)鍵詞是為聽題鋪墊,可以讓我們了解題目的內(nèi)容,明確聽題的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。

      關(guān)鍵詞分兩類:?jiǎn)栴}中的關(guān)鍵詞Question KW與選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞Choices KW.

      1.Question KW:

      問題中的關(guān)鍵詞是為了更有效的Locate(定位),也就是讓我們?cè)诼狀}時(shí)更快速的找到錄音中與問題相關(guān)的部分(雅思聽力是一個(gè)Section, 10題連放),從而更加從容的進(jìn)行判斷。

      首先,要多找名詞,尤其是專有名詞,如人名,地名,時(shí)間等;因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)阡浺糁胁蝗菀邹D(zhuǎn)換為其它內(nèi)容,即不易發(fā)生同意轉(zhuǎn)換,因此更容易聽到。

      同時(shí),不要忽視動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)閾?dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞表達(dá)的是具體的內(nèi)容,因此也有定位作用,尤其是在缺少專有名詞的情況下,動(dòng)詞就更加重要;但是,必須注意的是動(dòng)詞是非常容易被替換的,因此要做好同意轉(zhuǎn)換的準(zhǔn)備。

      最后,充分利用偶爾出現(xiàn)的形容詞或副詞,這兩種關(guān)鍵詞都可以提示錄音中有可能出現(xiàn)的同意轉(zhuǎn)換。

      例3:Cambridge4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 22

      The “Study for Success” seminar lasts for

      A. one day

      B. two days

      C. three days

      讀題:名詞關(guān)鍵詞是專有名詞Study for Success, 動(dòng)詞關(guān)鍵詞是lasts

      錄音:First, there’s our “Study for Success” seminar on the first and second of February.

      解析:名詞關(guān)鍵詞Study for Success在錄音中是一字不動(dòng)的出現(xiàn)的,使得題目在錄音中非常容易被找到;然后根據(jù)last明確聽題方向是持續(xù)時(shí)間,得到間接信息在二月的一號(hào)和二號(hào),同意轉(zhuǎn)換就是兩天的意思,最后選擇正確答案B.

      例4:Cambridge4 Test 4 Section 2 Question 12

      Travelite currently offer walking holidays

      A. only inWestern Europe.

      B. all overEurope.

      C. outsideEurope.

      讀題:名詞關(guān)鍵詞是旅行社的名字Travelite, 副詞關(guān)鍵詞是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)currently, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是目前的,不是將來(lái)的,也不是過去的(將來(lái)和過去的內(nèi)容在錄音中都很有可能出現(xiàn),進(jìn)行干擾)。

      錄音:Thank you for calling our Travelite Walking Holiday Line…We offer guided walking tours to suit the discerning traveler in twelve different centres throughout the whole ofWestern Europe. We are planning to open our first centre outside this area in the coming year.

      解析:旅行社的名字使得聽力中很容易定位到題目。答案在the whole of Western Europe, 干擾內(nèi)容在first centre outside this area, 通過planning與coming year來(lái)排除;正確選項(xiàng)為A, 干擾項(xiàng)為C.

      因此,問題中關(guān)鍵詞劃取的快速原則是:名詞-動(dòng)詞-形容詞/副詞。

      2.Choices KW:

      選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞是為了更有針對(duì)性的進(jìn)行Judge(判斷);在雅思聽力中聽到一句話后,要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)3個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排除和判斷,時(shí)間較為緊迫;為了更加有效的進(jìn)行判斷,要在讀題時(shí)找出一些關(guān)鍵詞作為判斷的依據(jù),來(lái)加快判斷速度和準(zhǔn)確性。

      首先,還是多找名詞,名詞是每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容主體,是區(qū)分選項(xiàng)的依據(jù);不能錄音中講的是car, 題目中判斷的是bus.

      同時(shí),要多找形容詞或副詞,這兩種關(guān)鍵詞在選項(xiàng)中起的是限定名詞主體的作用,往往是區(qū)分選項(xiàng)之后,判斷一個(gè)選項(xiàng)是否正確的依據(jù)。

      最后,不要忽視動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞所表示的內(nèi)容,也能夠起到一定的限定作用,也是一個(gè)判斷依據(jù)。

      例5:Cambridge5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 17

      What does the speaker say about university accommodation on campus?

      A. Most places are given to undergraduates.

      B. No places are available for postgraduates with families.

      C. A limited number of places are available for new postgraduates.

      讀題:題目中找到關(guān)鍵詞accommodation on campus.

      選項(xiàng)中ABC中的undergraduates, postgraduates with families和new postgraduates分別是三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的名詞主體,可以幫助區(qū)分選項(xiàng);另外,most, no和limited分別是對(duì)三個(gè)名詞主體進(jìn)行限定的形容詞,可以成為選項(xiàng)對(duì)錯(cuò)判斷的依據(jù)。

      錄音:One or two of you touched on the subject of accommodation earlier, so I’ll just add a few point. It is the university’s policy to give priority in the allocation of residence places to three categories, and those are, visiting students, exchange students and new postgraduate students. However, demand exceeds supply, so there’s still a need to put your name down early for campus accommodation, particularly, if your family is accompanying you.

      解析:最初出現(xiàn)的accommodation幫助定位。

      隨后,new postgraduate students引導(dǎo)視線到C選項(xiàng),在聽到demand exceeds supply并進(jìn)行同意轉(zhuǎn)換后,確定C是正確答案(供不應(yīng)求就是limited的意思)。

      后面,出現(xiàn)干擾內(nèi)容:if your family is accompanying you, 調(diào)整視線到B選項(xiàng),但根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的形容詞no可以判斷B的內(nèi)容與錄音不符(錄音中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是有家庭成員陪同位置就更有限,B選項(xiàng)說的是有陪同就沒位置),因此B是一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)。

      例6:Cambridge4 Test 3 Section 3 Question 27

      Students who want to do the “Study for Success” seminar should

      A. register with the Faculty Office.

      B. contact their Course Convenor.

      C. reserve a place in advance.

      讀題:本題與例3來(lái)自同一Section, 因此必須首先明確一點(diǎn):在同一Section中同一名詞關(guān)鍵詞只在第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí)有效,因?yàn)橥幻~在一次對(duì)白或獨(dú)白中不會(huì)重復(fù)不斷出現(xiàn)。因此問題中關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)該是student …want …seminar should, 屬于內(nèi)容定位。

      選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,AB中都有名詞主體,分別是Faculty Office和Course Convenor, 也都有動(dòng)詞來(lái)進(jìn)行限定,分別是register和contact, 可以作為判斷依據(jù). 而C選項(xiàng)中只需要?jiǎng)澰趓eserve上即可,因在雅思中出現(xiàn)reserve/book(預(yù)訂)必同時(shí)出現(xiàn)in advance/ahead of time(提前)的概念,所以劃一個(gè)就夠了。

      錄音:Now, I need to tell you that this is a very popular course and it’s essential that you book well ahead of time. In fact, the Course Convenor tells me that there are only five places left.

      解析:通過I need to tell you that這樣一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型來(lái)定位題目中的students should.

      隨后,通過對(duì)book well ahead of time的同意轉(zhuǎn)換(reserve in advance),選出C。后面,出現(xiàn)干擾內(nèi)容:the Course Convenor tells only five places left, 視線移到B, 但根據(jù)B里的動(dòng)詞contact, 可判斷B內(nèi)容與錄音不符(錄音說Course Convenor告訴說話者只有5個(gè)位置留下來(lái),其實(shí)還是要提前預(yù)訂的意思,而B說的是讓學(xué)生自己去聯(lián)系Course Convenor),所以B是干擾項(xiàng)。

      因此,選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞劃取的快速原則是:名詞-形容詞/副詞-動(dòng)詞。

      考生們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)很明晰的一點(diǎn)是:對(duì)于雅思聽力,讀題,或者更正確的說是有針對(duì)性的讀題,非常的重要!所有的努力,所有的準(zhǔn)備工作,都是為了在聽題時(shí)能更有效的進(jìn)行同意轉(zhuǎn)換,找到正確答案。

      如果說聽題是戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)殺敵,讀題就是戰(zhàn)前偵查,偵查到位,知己知彼,偵查不到位,死都不知道怎么死的。

      讀題做到位了,聽題也就自然而然了。步驟如下:

      1. Locating: locate where the question is.

      2. Judging: judge whether every choice is right or wrong.

      簡(jiǎn)單的說就是:定位-判斷,兩步走。

      同時(shí),在判斷當(dāng)中一定要牢記前面說過的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn):Indirect answer和Trap.

      (推薦劍橋練習(xí):劍三P12, 劍四P36, 劍五P33, 81, 83, 劍六P38, 61, 82)

      3. 選擇題型中的預(yù)測(cè)

      Prediction(預(yù)測(cè))是聽力兩個(gè)基本解題方法中的一個(gè)(另一個(gè)就是關(guān)鍵詞),主要運(yùn)用于填空題型,但在選擇題型中偶爾可以運(yùn)用。

      填空題型的預(yù)測(cè)主要在于觀察選項(xiàng)組合,有一種組合是非常容易預(yù)測(cè)的,即干擾性組合:三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)有明顯的互相干擾作用,則另一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以暫時(shí)排除。

      例7:Cambridge5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 20

      With regard to their English, the speaker advises that students to

      A. tell their lecturers if they have problems understanding.

      B. have private English lessons when they arrive.

      C. practice their spoken English before they arrive.

      預(yù)測(cè):BC選項(xiàng)存在明顯互相干擾作用,一個(gè)是到英國(guó)后加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ),一個(gè)是來(lái)英國(guó)前加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ);關(guān)鍵詞分別劃在when和before, 來(lái)進(jìn)行區(qū)分,同時(shí)可以先排除A。

      錄音:One or two of you ask earlier about your level of spoken English, obviously most of you have already achieved a lot, I wish I could speak your language half as well. Having said that though, I’m afraid the lecturers will make little or no allowance for the presence of non-native speakers in the audience, so anything you can do to improve your spoken English, even beyond the pretty high level most of you have already reached will make your stay with us that bit more fun for you. Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards when you won’t really have time.

      解析:通過最后一句Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards… 可判斷正確答案為C, 錄音通篇未提A, 這是因?yàn)檫@樣的選項(xiàng)組合,出題意圖就在于用BC來(lái)進(jìn)行干擾,如果答案用A則不能利用到BC的干擾作用,無(wú)法達(dá)到出題目的。

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