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Linux常用命令行匯總
Linux常用命令有哪些?下面yjbys小編特為正在學(xué)習(xí)Linux的同學(xué)們分享十五個常用Linux命令行，歡迎閱讀!
1. 磁盤使用情況
du -h 查看當(dāng)前用戶每個文件的大小，格式化顯示
df -h 磁盤使用情況
[root@localhost mysql5]# du -h
339M
[root@localhost mysql5]# ls
MySQL-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.tar
MySQL-client-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
MySQL-devel-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
MySQL-embedded-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
MySQL-server-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
MySQL-shared-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
MySQL-test-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
[root@localhost mysql5]# du -h MySQL-client-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
17M MySQL-client-5.5.20-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
[root@localhost mysql5]#
[root@localhost mysql5]# df -h
文件系統(tǒng) 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
14G 6.4G 6.5G 50% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 83M 13% /boot
tmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% /dev/shm
2、常用文件操作命令
cat，顯示文件內(nèi)容。
cd，改變目錄路徑。
cp，復(fù)制文件。
find，查找文件。
grep，搜索、過濾信息。
ls，列出目錄信息。
more，分頁顯示。
rm，刪除文件或目錄。
vi，調(diào)用vi文本編輯器
[root@localhost king]# cat abc1.txt |more
//查找當(dāng)前目錄下以a開頭的文件
[root@localhost king]# ls
abc1.txt abc2.txt abc3.txt king001 kingtest new
[root@localhost king]# find -name "a*"
./abc3.txt
./abc1.txt
./abc2.txt
[root@localhost home]# find king -name "a*"
king/abc3.txt
king/abc1.txt
king/abc2.txt
grep查找keyword的所在行的內(nèi)容
[root@localhost king]# more abc1.txt|grep "1971"
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide bipartisan campaign
ls統(tǒng)計文件個數(shù):原理是ls -l列出多少行 再利用管道作為wc -l輸入 以行來數(shù)的
[root@localhost king]# ls -l
總計 44
-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 2395 2012-05-26 abc1.txt
-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 2397 2012-05-26 abc2.txt
-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 1020 2012-05-26 abc3.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 king king 4096 2012-02-02 king001
-rw-rw-r-- 1 king king 0 2012-02-02 kingtest
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 714 09-30 22:52 new
[root@localhost king]# ls -l|wc -l
7
head 查看文件前20行 tail 查看后面10行
[root@localhost king]# head -20 abc1.txt
[Congressional Record Volume 148, Number 2 (Thursday, January 24, 2002)]
[Daily Digest]
[Page D12]
From the Congressional Record Online through the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
House of Representatives
Chamber Action
Measures Introduced: 13 public bills, H.R. 3622-3634; 8 resolutions, H.
Con. Res. 302-308, and H. Res. 335 were introduced.
Page H78
Reports Filed: No reports were filed today.
Speaker Pro Tempore: Read a letter from the Speaker wherein he
appointed Representative Shimkus to act as Speaker pro tempore for
today.
[root@localhost king]# tail -10 abc1.txt
Res. 203, providing for consideration of H.R. 2356, to amend the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide bipartisan campaign
reform, the motion was referred to the Calendar of Motions to Discharge
Committees.
Pages H76-77
Senate Message: Message received from the Senate appears on page H39.
Quorum Calls--Votes: One yea-and-nay vote developed during the
proceedings of the House today and appears on pages H47-48. There were
no quorum calls.
Adjournment: The House met at 10 a.m. and adjourned at 3:38 p.m.
Linux命令經(jīng)典面試題：統(tǒng)計文件中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的前10個單詞
使用linux命令或者shell實現(xiàn)：文件words存放英文單詞，格式為每行一個英文單詞(單詞可以重復(fù))，統(tǒng)計這個文件中出現(xiàn)次數(shù)最多的前10個單詞。
cat words.txt | sort | uniq -c | sort -k1,1nr | head -10
主要考察對sort、uniq命令的使用，相關(guān)解釋如下，命令及參數(shù)的詳細(xì)說明請自行通過man查看，簡單介紹下以上指令各部分的功能：
sort: 對單詞進(jìn)行排序
uniq -c: 顯示唯一的行，并在每行行首加上本行在文件中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)
sort -k1,1nr: 按照第一個字段，數(shù)值排序，且為逆序
head -10: 取前10行數(shù)據(jù)
[root@localhost king]# uniq -c word.txt|sort -k1
1 bye
1 good
1 see
1 tim
1 tim
1 you
2 jack
2 king
[root@localhost king]# uniq -c word.txt|sort -r|head -2
2 king
2 jack
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