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五篇大學英語四級語法指導
篇一：大學英語四級語法指導
倒裝的六條原則：
1. so放在句首時表示承前肯定，這個句子用部分倒裝;
nor， neither放在句首時表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝;
2. 省略了引導詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had， should， could， were中的任何一個提到從句最前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝;
3. as， though表示“盡管”時引導從句，從句中的表語可以置于引導詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝;
系動詞后面的部分就是表語，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置于系動詞之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四級考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語的形式。
例、 _B_ as it was at such a time， his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當題干是as引導一個從句，且as前為一個空格時他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語。
being published 正在被出版; to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復正常語序應為： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;
常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never， little， few， hardly (… when)， scarcely (… when) ;
seldom 難得，不常;nowhere 哪里都不。
常見的一些表示否定含義的短語：in no way 決不; on no account 決不;
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5. only + 狀語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝;(如果only去掉就是全部倒裝)
例、Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生; make up for 彌補，補償; make-up tests 補考(緩考)。
6. 注意兩個表達形式：come what may 無論發(fā)生什么情況; say what you will 暢所欲言。
篇二：大學英語四級語法指導
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強調(diào)的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相當于since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因為; except that 除…之外。
except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學校附屬于北大。
responsible to 對…負有責任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習。
篇三：大學英語四級語法指導
動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動作發(fā)出者 + 動名詞;當動作發(fā)出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強調(diào)的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。
篇四：大學英語四級語法指導
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動作發(fā)出者 + 動名詞;當動作發(fā)出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強調(diào)的是動作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
篇五：大學英語四級語法指導
非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當短語部分有獨立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格。(它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語)。
獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當動作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當于and); be encouraged不會考。
動詞不定式有預示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵;
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵
短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。
非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動詞：
第一點：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為;這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。
注意：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
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