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牛津高中英語定語從句語法講解
牛津英語能夠給那些仍然在前進(jìn)道路上迷茫，或被慣性思維束縛的年輕人一些啟示，讓他們了解足夠多的人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)與哲理，能夠以更輕松、更快樂的姿態(tài)去面對生活，也為迎接人生的輝煌做好準(zhǔn)備。以下是小編整理的關(guān)于牛津高中英語定語從句語法講解，希望大家認(rèn)真閱讀!
一.定義
1.定語從句：修飾某一句中的名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。
2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句
關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。
關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1.引導(dǎo)定語從句;2.代替先行詞;3.在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。
二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.who指人，在從句中做主語
The boys who are playing football are from ClassOne.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。
Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talkedabout on the bus.
注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
The man who/whom you met just now is myfriend.
3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which isliked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come tovisit the city each year
rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallenin.
whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soonbe repaired.
(4)The classroom thedoor of which is broken will soon be repaired.
三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whom引導(dǎo)
(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.
2.關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的選擇
Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (beafraid of 害怕)
注意：1. 含有介詞的固定動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watchwhich/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch forwhich I am looking. (F)
2. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none,both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are verykind to him.
(2) In the basket there arequite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
四.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語
I still remember the day when I first came to theschool.
2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
注意：1.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換
When=atinonduringwhich Where=atin o which Why=for which
(1) The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know whathe wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
2.當(dāng)先行詞為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因名詞時，如果在從句中不是作狀語時，不可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。(1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.
(2)They make me thinkof the happy days (that/which) we spenttogether.
(3)Is this factory theone (that/which) they visited the day beforeyesterday.
五.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句 | 非限制性定語從句 |
形式上不用逗號和主句隔開 | 用逗號和主句隔開 |
意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明 | 刪除后意思仍完整 |
譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語，“…的…” | 通常翻譯成主句的并列句 |
限制性定語從句舉例：
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was theonly person that I could depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a longhistory.
非限制性定語從句舉例：
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, isstrict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, isbecoming more and more powerful.
要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor alwaysencourages him to college.
他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor,always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。(他只有一個哥哥)
難點(diǎn)分析
(一)定語從句中的幾個特殊的用法
一)限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況
1.當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything,nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some,no, little, few, much等修飾時
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Lihas said?
(2) All that can be done has been done.
(3) There is little that I can do for you.
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾
The first place that they visited in Londonwas the Big Ben.
3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
This is the best film that I haveseen.
4. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only ,the same ,the last修飾時
This is the very dictionary that I want tobuy,
5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時
Can you remember the scientist and his theorythat we have learned?
二)注意用which不用that的情況
1.在非限制性定語從句中
(1)She madegreat progress and won a prize, which gave us a surprise.
2.在介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，必須用which.
(1) This is the knife with which Johnhurt somebody.
3.當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后面有插入語時
(1) Here isthe ALD which, as I have told you, is a greathelp to you.
三)在下列情況下，只許用關(guān)系代詞who，而不用that:
1.先行詞為those, one, ones,anyone, people等時
Those who are from Qingdao come this way.
2.當(dāng)先行詞后有較長的后置定語時，或定語從句被分隔時。
A teacher will come tomorrow who will teach youGerman.
3.當(dāng)先行詞是用-body或-one構(gòu)成的不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞多用who
Is there anybody else who should be invited.
4.當(dāng)先行詞是集體名詞時，如果著眼于集體，使用that/which;如果著眼于個體，則使用who
(1)Our team,which took the second place last year, played better this year.
(2)Our team, whoare all under the age of twenty, will do well in the final match.
(二)關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句
as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：
1.As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子或句子的一部分。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句.另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思，后邊的謂語動詞多是see, know, expect,say, mention, report等;which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后,意為“這一點(diǎn)”。
(1) As is known to all, China is a developingcountry.
(2) He is from the south, as we can seefrom his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than severaltimes, which I don’t believe.
注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which
(5)Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as hetells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost lastweek.
注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同，用that時表示先行詞與關(guān)系詞所指的是同一物體，而用as則指的是相似但卻不是同一物。
(4)She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her youngsister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
4.當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時，后面的謂語動詞常常使用被動語態(tài)，如果從句中是主動語態(tài)，一般多使用which
(1) She has been lateagain, as was expected.
(2) Tom great progress in Chinese, which made usdelighted.
(三)以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which,that引導(dǎo)，而且通�？梢允÷浴�
(1)The way in which/ that/./ he answered thequestion was surprising
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