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職稱英語(yǔ)綜合B級(jí)概括大意練習(xí)題及答案
無(wú)論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會(huì)，我們很多時(shí)候都會(huì)有考試，接觸到練習(xí)題，學(xué)習(xí)需要做題，是因?yàn)檫@樣一方面可以了解你對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的掌握，熟練掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)！同時(shí)做題還可以鞏固你對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)用！那么你知道什么樣的習(xí)題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？下面是小編幫大家整理的職稱英語(yǔ)綜合B級(jí)概括大意練習(xí)題及答案，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
第一篇
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
(1)An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
(2)Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
(3) However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners.
He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
(4) Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
(5)Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Reason why not many scientists carry out this research nowadays
B. Report about washoes progress in learning sign language
C. General information about washoe
D. The gardeners contributions recognized
E. Debate on chimps intelligence
F. Washoes love for three young chimps
27——30完成句子
27. Washoe could make signs to communicate __________.
28. Some scientists doubted __________.
29. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language __________.
30. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent __________.
A. if the Gardeners argument was sound
B. because she was cleverer than other chimps
C. when she wanted to eat
D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E. because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F. while Washoe was learning sign language
第二篇
Hurricanes (龍卷風(fēng))
(1)Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可預(yù)知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性別歧視的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.
(2)Hurricanes and typhoons ( 臺(tái)風(fēng)) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind." And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind." To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.
(3)Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝結(jié)) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道) . To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air,the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.
(4)Scientists have determined that the beat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we dont know how to make sure such great energy work for us.
(5)Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (發(fā)瘋的)if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.
(6) The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these,we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Short history of naming hurricanes
B. Harnessing the hurricane energy
C. Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane
D. Huge energy stored in a hurricane
E. Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching
F. Different names for the same things
27——30完成句子
27. Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of__________.
28. Using weather satellites can ensure __________ of hurricanes.
29. Energy specialists may be interested in __________of hurricanes.
30. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to__________.
A. the timely (及時(shí)的) discovery
B. convenience
C. sex equality
D. its connection with humans
E. the huge power
F. its uncertainty
第三篇
Intelligent Machines
(1) Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinsons disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the worlds best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
(2) Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual (虛擬的) hostess of Kurzweils homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
(3) Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world," he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探測(cè)器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.
(4) Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
(5) But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably wont be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our mind will be able to live forever.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4__________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. A new pair of ears
B. Computers that can communicate
C. Everlasting consciousness on a computer
D. Time to break off a friendship
E. An author and researcher
F. A new pair of eyes
27——30完成句子
27. Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people __________.
28. Ramona is able to understand__________.
29. Blind people will be able to see the world with__________.
30. People without hearing problems may also be interested in using __________.
A. what you say
B. a pair of sunglasses
C. the listening machine
D. a visual sensor
E. who have disabilities
F. living forever in a computer
答案與解析
第一篇
23.C。第一段主要介紹黑猩猩Washoe的出生地、死亡年齡、被帶到美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)美式手語(yǔ)等情況。用General Information about Washoe來(lái)概括是很準(zhǔn)確的。
24.B。第二段的關(guān)鍵句是：“In l969，the Gardners described Washoe’s progress in a scientific report.”隨后的句子簡(jiǎn)略介紹了Washoe的學(xué)習(xí)情況和結(jié)果，如已學(xué)會(huì)250個(gè)單詞，并能用手語(yǔ)表達(dá)“該吃飯了”等概念。所以選項(xiàng)B是答案。
25.E。第三段介紹了對(duì)Gardener夫婦發(fā)表的報(bào)告的兩種不同的解讀。一派認(rèn)為Washoe的手語(yǔ)能力只是機(jī)械重復(fù)、死記硬背、物質(zhì)激勵(lì)的結(jié)果，不是智能的表現(xiàn)。另一派認(rèn)為這是智能的表現(xiàn)，其證據(jù)是Washoe還能教三個(gè)小猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)。爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)是黑猩猩有沒(méi)有智能。選項(xiàng)E用debate來(lái)概括上述爭(zhēng)論，很恰當(dāng)。
26.A。第四段解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在從事這項(xiàng)研究的科學(xué)家人數(shù)不多，部分原因是由于研究周期太長(zhǎng)，所以答案為A。
27.C。題干：Washoe能通過(guò)手勢(shì)來(lái)交流。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段第四句，由該句可知答案為C。
28.A。題干：有些科學(xué)家懷疑。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段的上半段說(shuō)了一些科學(xué)家對(duì)Gardener夫婦的實(shí)驗(yàn)的解讀所持懷疑態(tài)度。題干中出現(xiàn)的doubted引導(dǎo)我們選A。
29.D。題干：Washoe教三只年幼的黑猩猩手語(yǔ)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段的最后兩句，即“He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensbur9，Washington.There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.”所以答案為D。
30.E。題干：實(shí)驗(yàn)認(rèn)為Washoe是有邏輯思維能力的。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段第四句：“She could request foods like apples and bananas.”根據(jù)全段意思和上述句子，選擇E是正確的。
第二篇
23.A。該段中names反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，所以names是文章中的核心詞，借助段首句和段末句的句意判斷，答案應(yīng)為A。
24.F。除了選項(xiàng)F以外，其余選項(xiàng)中的核心詞，如：hamess，forecast，store，satellite等，在文章中均沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。
25.D。該段落中“能量”一詞頻繁出現(xiàn)，所以該詞是該段的中心詞，故可以判斷答案為B和D的可能性很大。再借助段首句和段末句的句意判斷，答案應(yīng)為D。
26.C。段首句中就出現(xiàn)了“預(yù)測(cè)”(predicting)和“困難”(difficult)，所以被選項(xiàng)中C和E可能是答案選項(xiàng)，而E中的“衛(wèi)星”在該段落中根本沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，所以C是答案。
27.C。題干：颶風(fēng)有著男性和女性的名字是考慮到__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的最后一句“In l979，realizing the sexist(性別歧視的)nature ofsuch names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women.”故判斷答案為C(性別平等)。
28.A。題干：使用天氣衛(wèi)星能保證颶風(fēng)的__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第六段第二句：“With these.we can see the storms form and track them fully,from birth to death.”所以答案為A。
29.E。題干：能源專家可能對(duì)颶風(fēng)的__________感興趣。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段最后兩句，由該處提到颶風(fēng)中包含的能量，可知答案為E。
30.F。題干：科學(xué)家們不能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)颶風(fēng)的行程是因?yàn)開_________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第5段“Predicting the path ofa hurricane is one ofthe most difficult tasks for forecasters.It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph.But not always.”可知答案為F。
第三篇
23.B。文章第二段所舉的例子說(shuō)“她被設(shè)置為可以理解你所說(shuō)的話。網(wǎng)站的訪問(wèn)者可以和她談話，Ramona也跳舞唱歌”。因此B項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)能夠交流”概括了本段大意。
24.F。文章第三段主要闡述的是視覺機(jī)器，如“這機(jī)器像一個(gè)朋友一樣，能夠描述在有形世界里正在發(fā)生的事情……該傳感器將向佩戴者描述它看到的一切”。因此F項(xiàng)“一雙新眼睛”概括了本段大意。
25.A。文章第四段主要闡述的是聽覺機(jī)器，因此A項(xiàng)“一雙新耳朵”概括了本段大意。
26.C。文章第五段主要談到“我們將能把所有意識(shí)下載到電腦里……就意味著我們的頭腦能夠永遠(yuǎn)活下去”。因此C項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)上永恒的意識(shí)”概括了本段大意。
27.E。題干：Ray Kurzweil研究計(jì)算機(jī)幫助人們__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段和第四段提到的“Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities”和“Another idea,which is likely to help deafpeople”。因此E項(xiàng)“有殘疾的人”符合文章內(nèi)容。
28.A。題干：Ramona能夠理解__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第二段提到的“who is programmed to understand what you say”。故A項(xiàng)“你所說(shuō)的話”符合文章內(nèi)容。
29.C。題干：盲人能夠通過(guò)__________看到世界。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段提到的“Blind people will use a visual sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses”，可知C項(xiàng)“一副墨鏡”符合文章內(nèi)容。
30.C。題干：沒(méi)有聽力問(wèn)題的人也有興趣使用__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段提到的“The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages.so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it…”，故C項(xiàng)“聽覺機(jī)器”符合文章內(nèi)容。
拓展：職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類B級(jí)重點(diǎn)詞匯
在特定的語(yǔ)境下英語(yǔ)單詞可以單獨(dú)成句，英語(yǔ)句子可以是一個(gè)名詞，或一個(gè)動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))，或者一個(gè)形容詞，或者一個(gè)副詞(副詞短語(yǔ))， 或者一個(gè)數(shù)詞，或者一個(gè)代詞， 如：
--Coffee. (比較：boy〔表示驚奇(真的?)等)
--Shut up!(閉嘴!)
--Wonderful!(棒極了!)
--Over there.(在那邊)
--Two， please.(請(qǐng)給我拿兩個(gè))
--Those? (那些嗎?)
但是，英語(yǔ)介詞和英語(yǔ)冠詞是絕對(duì)不能獨(dú)立成句的， 這是因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)的介詞和冠詞都是依附性的詞匯，它們的出現(xiàn)和具有的詞義由其所在的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)中的其他詞類決定的。
(考研， 1990)
Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ___ to American audiences.
A. around B. over C. across D. down
C. 分析： 這道題中， 因?yàn)榻樵~后面沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)名詞性的結(jié)構(gòu)，而是作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，因此空格處的詞不是介詞，而應(yīng)該是副詞。
around
e.g. look around 環(huán)視，四顧(adv. 周圍，四面)
e.g. sit around a table 圍著桌子坐 (perp. 在周圍，圍著)
over
e.g. She put her hands over her face. 她用手蒙住臉。(prep. 在…的上面， 越過(guò)…)
e.g. Take this over to the station. 把這個(gè)拿到車站那邊去。(adv.在那邊，向那邊)
across
e.g. come across in a ship 乘船渡過(guò)河 (adv.越過(guò)，橫過(guò))
e.g. walk across the street 穿過(guò)街道(prep. 橫過(guò)，越過(guò);(走)過(guò))
down
e.g. The wind went down. 風(fēng)逐漸停了(adv. 向下(面)， 降)
e.g. run down the stairs 跑下樓梯(prep. 自…向下)
現(xiàn)在讓我們根據(jù)所了解的這四個(gè)介詞的基本詞義來(lái)判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是答案，
Mike found it difficult to get his British jokes ? to American audiences.
邁克 發(fā)現(xiàn) 形式賓語(yǔ) 困難的 他的英國(guó)的笑話 介詞 美國(guó)聽眾
借助空格前后結(jié)構(gòu)的大致內(nèi)容“英國(guó)笑話”和“美國(guó)觀眾”，我們猜想英國(guó)的笑話肯定要(跨越千山萬(wàn)水)才能傳到美國(guó)，被美國(guó)聽眾理解， 因此空格處最可能出現(xiàn)的是介詞across。
get across to:使...理解...
這個(gè)句子的含義是“邁克發(fā)現(xiàn)能難讓美國(guó)的觀眾理解他講的英國(guó)笑話” 。
句中的it是形式上的賓語(yǔ)， 句子真正的賓語(yǔ)是“to get his British jokes across to American audiences” 。
小結(jié)：
1. 介詞一定出現(xiàn)在名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)或代詞的前面， 或介詞必須帶名詞性的結(jié)構(gòu)或代詞作其賓語(yǔ)，否則， 這個(gè)介詞就可能是副詞。如：
e.g. She put her hands over her face. 她用手蒙住臉。(prep. 在…的上面)
e.g. Take this over to the station. 把這個(gè)拿到車站那邊去。(adv.在那邊)
2. 介詞總是和其他詞類搭配使用：一些介詞和不及物動(dòng)詞形成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)， 如：sit around a table圍著桌子坐; 一些介詞短語(yǔ)和名詞搭配形成名詞性的短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，如：his interest in music 他對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣;一些介詞和形容詞形成固定搭配結(jié)構(gòu)， 如：(be)good at English擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)
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