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  • 職稱英語(yǔ)詞匯記憶的六大技巧

    時(shí)間:2023-03-04 09:09:07 職稱英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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    職稱英語(yǔ)詞匯記憶的六大技巧

      記憶單詞不能光靠埋頭看書背誦,掌握一些技巧,才能使你更加有效的去記憶單詞,下面就和小編一起來(lái)看看有哪些技巧可以幫助我們記憶單詞吧!

    職稱英語(yǔ)詞匯記憶的六大技巧

      一、結(jié)合記憶法

      將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境——句子中,結(jié)合句意來(lái)記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時(shí),若詞義忘記,則可通過(guò)回憶所在句子的意思來(lái)記憶單詞。例如:

      slope

      n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度

      there is always a certain slope in a ship’s deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。

     、谛泵;斜坡

      we climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

      vi. 傾斜。

      the railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。

      critical

      adj. ①批評(píng)(性)的,吹毛求疵的

      i don’t like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對(duì)每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

     、诰o要的,關(guān)鍵的;危急的

      his condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報(bào)告他的情況非常危急。

      通過(guò)此法來(lái)掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時(shí)熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。

      二、同類記憶法

      將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時(shí)背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級(jí)別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。

      如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長(zhǎng)”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長(zhǎng)”,但具體級(jí)別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。

      再如bachelor(學(xué)士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個(gè)詞都表示學(xué)位授予的情況,但具體級(jí)別不同,所以這三個(gè)詞也是一組同類詞匯。

      這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當(dāng)遇到其中一個(gè)詞時(shí),頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。

      三、比較記憶法

      把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過(guò)程是一組組,一對(duì)對(duì)單詞同時(shí)記憶。職稱英語(yǔ)中有很大一部分都是對(duì)同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時(shí)進(jìn)行記憶和積累。

      例題1:the researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. started

      b. finished

      c. changed

      d. made

      答案:b

      例題2:michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. largely

      b. possibly

      c. just

      d. rarely

      答案:c

      merely/ only/ just

      四、構(gòu)詞法記憶法

      通過(guò)掌握構(gòu)詞法來(lái)記憶單詞。英語(yǔ)主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:

      1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類。例如:

      picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪

      water (n)水-water (v)澆水

      例題1: he has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. behavior

      b. style

      c. mode

      d. attitude

      答案:a

      解釋:

      conduct (v.)引導(dǎo),管理,為人,傳導(dǎo)

      conduct (n.)操守,行為

      conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導(dǎo)體等

      semi-conductor 半導(dǎo)體

      例題2:the ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. suffer

      b. accept

      c. receive

      d. endure

      答案:d

      解釋:

      bear (n.)熊

      bear (v.)負(fù)擔(dān), 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠

      2)派生,即通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞,例如:

      happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)

      例題1: the workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. promote

      b. paint

      c. polish

      d. produce

      答案:d

      例題2: even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. mental

      b. physical

      c. natural

      d. hard

      答案:b

      man-, manu- =hand

      manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊(cè)), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產(chǎn)), manumit(釋放)

      例題3:about one million americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. every year

      b. severely

      c. actively

      d. every month

      答案:a

      ann= year

      anniversaire (french)

      anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)

      3)合成,即由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。例如:

      wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

      pea(豌豆) nuts(堅(jiān)果)→ peanut(花生)

      例題1: in the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類c級(jí))

      a. judgement

      b. result

      c. decision

      d. event

      答案:b

      五、根義記憶法

      利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒(méi)有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問(wèn)題。

      比如要問(wèn)immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當(dāng)然是肯定的。那么就請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)“沒(méi)有生詞”的片段:

      a) the woman walks immediately behind the car.

      b) she is my immediate neighbor.

      c) the immediate cause

      若沒(méi)有讀懂,那么就請(qǐng)看immediate(ly)根義

      中間沒(méi)有間隔(地)

      1)(時(shí)間)立刻;

      2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,

      3)(關(guān)系)直接

      例題1:he will leave immediately.

      a. far away

      b. right away

      c. right here

      d. soon

      答案:b

      例題2:can you follow the plot?

      a. change

      b. investigate

      c. understand

      d. write

      答案:c

      請(qǐng)看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?

      she went into the building, followed by a group of students.

      the teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

      i’m sorry, but i can’t follow you.

      六、幾組對(duì)容易混淆詞進(jìn)行特別記憶

      (1)有些字可當(dāng)形容詞又可當(dāng)副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

      we had an early breakfast. (形容詞)

      we went by a fast train. (形容詞)

      we had breakfast early. (副詞)

      don’t speak so fast.(副詞)

      (2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過(guò)在字義上不同。

      (a) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:

      stand easy!

      he’s not easily satisfied.

      (b) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)

      the bullet went clear through the door.

      the thieves got clearly away.

      (c) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;

      the birds are flying high.

      he was highly praised for his work.

      (d) slow 和 slowly當(dāng)副詞時(shí)同義, 但 slow比 slowly語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng).

      i told the driver to go slow(er).

      drive slowly round these bends in the road.

      (e) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;

      he works hard. (= he is a hard worker.)

      he hardly does anything nowadays. (= he does very little nowadays.)

      (f) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;

      i’ve just seen him.

      he was justly punished.

      (g) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;

      he went to bed late.

      i haven’t seen mr. green lately.

      (h) pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;

      the situation seems pretty hopeless.

      she was prettily dressed.轉(zhuǎn)

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