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2023中考英語必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在平日的學(xué)習(xí)中,說起知識(shí)點(diǎn),應(yīng)該沒有人不熟悉吧?知識(shí)點(diǎn)也不一定都是文字,數(shù)學(xué)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)除了定義,同樣重要的公式也可以理解為知識(shí)點(diǎn)。掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)是我們提高成績的關(guān)鍵!下面是小編收集整理的2023中考英語必考知識(shí)點(diǎn),歡迎閱讀,希望大家能夠喜歡。
名詞分類
按概數(shù)的功能分類
1. 限定可數(shù)名詞的概數(shù):
many, a good/great many, many a, (not/quite) a few, few, several, a couple of, dozens of, scores of, a score of, hundreds/thousands/millions…of, a (great/large) number of, numbers of, a group of, a team of, one out of/in ten, a pack of (一群)
Many hands make light work.
眾人拾柴火焰高。
A great many guests were invited to dinner.
大批客人受邀就餐。
Many a ship has been wrecked on the rocks.
不少船只撞在巖石上失事。
My friend speaks several languages.
我朋友會(huì)講好幾種語言。
There are a couple of vacant rooms behind the office.
辦公室后有兩三間空房。
He planned to buy dozens of reference books.
他打算買幾本參考書。
I’d escaped death a score of times by a hair’s breadth.
我多次死里逃生。
I’ve been there scores of times.
我多次到過那里。
I have a number of things that I must see to.
我有很多事要處理。
Numbers of people came to the meeting from all over the country.
來自全國的許多人士出席了本次會(huì)議。
A group of children were playing tag.
一群孩子正在拔河。
Few words are best.
少言最妙。
Three are too many to keep a secret and too few to be merry.
人多難守密,人少不成歡。
Not a few readers wrote letters of commendation to the magazine.
相當(dāng)多的讀者給雜志社寫表揚(yáng)信。
There are quite a few students absent from class today.
今天有不少學(xué)生缺課。
In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left.
英國有些地方十分之一的人年方三十,牙齒就脫光了。
A multitude of people assembled in the stadium.
大批觀眾聚集在運(yùn)動(dòng)場。
They’re just a pack of liars.
他們不過是一群騙子而已。
2. 限定不可數(shù)名詞的概數(shù):
a little, little, much, a bit of, a good/great deal of, a large/great amount of, amounts of
I like the country, but I have little opportunity of seeing it.
我喜愛這個(gè)國家,但少有機(jī)會(huì)觀光。
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
缺乏知識(shí)是一件危險(xiǎn)的事。
The English do not drink much wine.
英國人飲酒不多。
Let’s have a bit of music.
讓咱們來點(diǎn)音樂。
He has given me a great deal of help.
他已給我不少幫助。
A large amount of damage was done in a very short time.
短期內(nèi)造成了巨大損失。
He must often memorize large amounts of material.
他一定經(jīng)常記住了不少素材。
3. 限定可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞的概數(shù):
some, any, a lot of, lots of, lots and lots of, plenty of, a great/large/vast/quantity of, quantities of, enough, no end of (不少)
Now you can give me some advice.
現(xiàn)在你可以給我提點(diǎn)建議。
Ask some boys to help you.
請(qǐng)些男孩來幫你。
If there is any trouble, let me know.
如果有什么困難要讓我知道。
What a lot of time you take to dress!
你在穿戴上花的時(shí)間過多。
There are lots of things I can do.
有許多事我能做。
When I was in London I saw lots and lots of her.
我在倫敦常見到她。
She has plenty of imagination.
她的想像力挺豐富。
I have plenty of humorous tales.
我有不少幽默故事。
He collected a quantity of curious information.
他收集了很多稀奇古怪的消息。
We’ve had quantities of rain this summer.
今年夏天雨水充足。
Quantities of food were on the table.
桌上有很多食物。
I had not enough confidence to go ahead.
我沒有太大的信心繼續(xù)下去了。
We have enough seats for everyone.
我們可為大家提供足夠的座位。
I’ve warned you no end of times not to touch that machine.
我多次警告你不要碰那臺(tái)機(jī)器。
We had no end of fun at the party.
我們?cè)谘鐣?huì)上很開心。
賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素:引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。
一、引導(dǎo)詞
1.從句為陳述句,常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that,that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。例句:He told us (that) they would help us through the whole work.
2.從句為一般疑問句,常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether,表示“是否”。在whether…ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。例句:I dontk now if there will be a bus any more.
3.從句為特殊疑問句,常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代詞、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。例句:He didnt tell m ewhen we should meet again.
二、判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況:
1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句可以為各種時(shí)態(tài)。
2.主句是一般過去時(shí),從句要用相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)。
注意:從句描繪客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等,從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)限制,仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例句:He answered that the was listening to me.
Father told me that practice makes perfect.
三、賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序
陳述句語序,就是主語在前,謂語動(dòng)詞在后。
錯(cuò)誤:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
正確:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
注意:賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。例如:I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成 Ithink he wont come to my party.
┃陳述句┃ 陳述句是用于陳述事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)的句子。包括肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)。肯定句變否定句的基本方法如下:
1.be 動(dòng)詞的否定式:在be動(dòng)詞后面加否定詞not。如:We arent classmates. 我們不是同學(xué)。
2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式:在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加否定詞not。如: I cant speak English well. 我英語說得不好。
3.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定式:借助助動(dòng)詞do/ does構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+doesnt/dont +動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如:He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天鍛煉。
┃疑問句┃ 疑問句的主要交際功能是提出問題,詢問情況。分為一般疑問句、選擇疑問句、特殊疑問句和反意疑問句。
1.一般疑問句:通常用來詢問一件事情是否屬實(shí)。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如: ―Are you tired? ―Yes, I am.“你累嗎?”“是的,我累!
2.選擇疑問句:指提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上可能的答案供對(duì)方選擇。如: Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我們回家還是待在這里過夜?
3.特殊疑問句:以疑問詞開頭,對(duì)句中某一成分提問的句子叫特殊疑問句。如: What do you like most? 你最喜歡什么?
4.反意疑問句:反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句,由兩部分組成,前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述 即陳述句 ,后一部分是簡短的提問 即簡短疑問句 ,中間用逗號(hào)隔開。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原則,且兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
(1)陳述部分為Let us?時(shí),問句部分習(xí)慣上用“will you?”; 陳述部分為Let‘s?時(shí),問句部分習(xí)慣上用“shall we?”如: Let us go to the cinema, will you? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
。2)陳述部分為“There Here + be + 主語”時(shí),問句部分用“動(dòng)詞+there here ?”形式。如: There are two cakes on the plate, arent there?
。3) 反意疑問句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞時(shí),問句部分用肯定式。如: She seldom goes swimming, does she?
。4) 陳述部分的主語為指物的不定代詞時(shí),問句部分的主語用it。如: Something is wrong with the computer, isnt it?
。5)陳述部分的主語為指人的不定代詞時(shí),問句部分的主語用he或 they,這時(shí)問句動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或 they一致。如: Someone is knocking at the door, isnt he?
。6) 反意疑問句的陳述部分為“I We don‘t think believe, suppose, consider + that從句”時(shí),問句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。如: I dont think that he has finished the work on time, has he?
。7)反意疑問句的陳述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語時(shí),陳述部分要視為肯定含義,問句部分用否定形式。如:It is unfair, isnt it?
。8) 陳述部分為肯定的祈使句時(shí),反意疑問句部分可用will you/ wont you; 陳述部分為否定的祈使句時(shí),反意疑問句部分只能用will you。 如: Dont make any noise, will you?
┃祈使句┃ 祈使句是表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、祝愿或建議的句子。否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞原形前加dont。
常見的祈使句的基本句型如下:
1.動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 如: Be careful.
2.Do +動(dòng)詞原形 加強(qiáng)語氣 。如: Do be careful next time.
3.加please的祈使句 表示更加客氣和禮貌 。如: Open the door, please.
┃感嘆句┃ 感嘆句一般用來表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語感嘆句常用what或how引導(dǎo),句末用感嘆號(hào)。
1.what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。
。1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 +主語+謂語 !如:What a difficult question it is!
。2) What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 +主語+謂語 !如:What useful information!
2.how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。
。1) How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!如: How kind they are!
(2) How+陳述句 主語+謂語 !如: How time flies!
。3)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可以和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句互換。如: What a good girl! = How good the girl is!
┃倒裝句┃
1.副詞位于句首時(shí)。here, there, now, then等副詞置于句首時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。這種倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞,如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。如: Here he comes. 他來了。
2.only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語。如: Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了。
3.以so/neither/nor開頭的句子。 此句型說明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者,用倒裝句“so/neither/nor+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語”。如: John cant swim, neither can I.
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