it 在英語中的意思較多,用法較廣,現(xiàn)總結如下。
(一)it作句子的真正主語
1.it 指前面已經提到過的人或事物,有時指心目中的或成為問題的人或事物,作真正主語。
例如:
What’s this? -It is a sheep? 這是什么??這是一只綿羊。
Who is it? -It’s me (I). 誰??是我。
It’s the wind shaking the window. 是風刮得窗戶響。
2.it指時間、季節(jié)。一般用在無人稱動詞的主語。
例如:
What time is it? -It’s nine. 幾點了??九點了。
It’s time for the meeting. Let’s go. 開會的時間到了,我們走吧。
What day is today? -It’s Saturday. 今天星期幾??今天星期六。
What’s the date today? -It is October 1st.
今天是幾號? ?今天是十月一日。
What season is it? -It is summer. 現(xiàn)在是什么季節(jié)??是夏季。
3.it 指氣候。一般作無人稱動詞的主語。
例如:
Is it cold in this room? -No, it isn’t. 屋里冷嗎??不冷。
What’s the weather like today? -It is fine.
今天天氣怎么樣??是晴天。
It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.
這個城市夏天經常下雨,冬天經常下雪。
4.it指距離、情況等。一般用作無人稱動詞的主語。
例如:
It is five kilometers from my home to the school.
從我家到學校有五公里。
It is very near from this factory to that one.
從這個工廠到那個工廠非常近。
It is a long way to the sea. 離海很遠。
Is it well with you? 你身體好嗎?
(二)it作形式主語
動詞不定式、動名詞短語起、從句在句子中起主語作用,而這一部分用詞較多時,可以用it作為形式主語,放在句首代表其后所說的事實上的、真正的主語,而把真正的主語放在后面。
1.It +謂語+動詞不定式。It 作形式主語,動詞不定式作真正的主語。
例如:
It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艱難的。
It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是個好習慣。
It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在學習外語時適當?shù)刈鲆恍┯兄谟洃浀木毩暿呛苤匾摹?/p>
It is right to do so. 這樣做是對的。
2.It+謂語+動名詞短語。It 作形式主語,動名詞短語作真正的主語。
例如:
It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危險的。
It is no use learning without thinking. 學而不思則罔。
It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子爭論是沒有用的。
3.It +謂語+名詞性從句。It 作形式主語,以that 引導的名詞性從句是真正的主語。
例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.
你沒看這么好的電影,真可惜。
It is certain that we shall succeed. 我們一定會成功。
It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.
真奇怪,誰也不知道他住在哪里。
(It is strange that…后面可用虛擬語氣。
如:It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.
他居然犯了這樣一個錯誤,真奇怪。
It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.居然沒有人知道他住在哪里,真奇怪。)
It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.
據說飛機明天上午十點起飛。
(三)it作形式賓語
it 作形式賓語,代表其后所說的真正的賓語。真正的賓語是以that 引導的名詞性從句或不定式短語。例如:
I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.
我認為你們中國學生學習英語,不和你們自己的語言比較是不對的。
I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)學習一門外語不那么困難。
I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.
我記得向你明確表示過我不來。
They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.
他們要向公眾表明,他們在做一件重要而又必要的工作。
(四)it 用于強調結構
在表示強調的結構中,it 可用作先行代詞,這種結構的句型如下:It +is/was +被強調的部分+that +其他部分。如果強調的部分是人,可用who, whom 代替that.
例如:Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.王教授每星期一下午教我們英語。
強調主語:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.
強調間接賓語:It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.
強調直接賓語:It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.
強調狀語:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.
It was here that I first met him. 這就是我初次與他見面的地方。
(強調狀語)
It is the people who are realy powerful.
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