指代題
1、返回原文，找出出題的指代詞。
2、向上搜索，找最近的名詞、名詞性短語或句子(先從最近點(diǎn)開始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不會(huì)離得太遠(yuǎn))
3、將找到的詞、詞組或句子的意思代入替換該指代詞，看其意思是否通順
4、將找到的詞、詞組或句子與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，找出最佳答案。
【真題例舉】
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy。
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry
would get cracking on responding to DNT requests。
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default。
Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads。”
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway。
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?
【問題】
“The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to 。
[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers
【解析】
題干和選項(xiàng)譯文：
第三自然段的the industry指的是 。
A。線上廣告商 B。電子商務(wù)運(yùn)營商
C。數(shù)字信息分析師 D�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器開發(fā)商
答案：D
先看包含題干中詞匯的句子：In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry
would get cracking on responding to DNT requests。在這句話中已經(jīng)給出了一條線索：Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA)數(shù)字廣告聯(lián)盟。往前尋找還有一條線索：Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT和Google's Chrome is due to do so this year=互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器開發(fā)商。選項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)剛才的線索可以排除的是B和C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，剩下的A線上廣告商和D互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽器開發(fā)商。這里畢竟是相對(duì)比較單純的指代題，所以依據(jù)所見即所得的原則，答案是D。
特別說明：有個(gè)問題確實(shí)很難繞開：實(shí)際上這些瀏覽器的開發(fā)商本來就是廣告商，所以選A和D在實(shí)質(zhì)上是一樣的。這個(gè)題目考完之后很多人都在爭論，這也是這么多年來真題中出現(xiàn)的很無厘頭的一個(gè)節(jié)目，所以選錯(cuò)的同學(xué)們不用糾結(jié)，這種情況以后應(yīng)該基本很少出現(xiàn)。
【方法總結(jié)】
指代題在考研中有兩種，一種是代詞的指代，一種是名詞的指代，例題就是名詞的指代。往前尋找對(duì)應(yīng)的詞，同時(shí)可以采取代入法的方式解題，即將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都代入文中進(jìn)行比對(duì)。做指代題的時(shí)候要注意，首先要把代詞或名詞所在的句子拿出來做長難句分析，理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，其次要聯(lián)系上下文，讀懂相關(guān)句子的含義，掌握相關(guān)信息，可以將選項(xiàng)代入原文，多少會(huì)排除一兩個(gè);最后就是要本著所見即所得的原理，不做過度的推理。
不同的題型有不同的應(yīng)對(duì)方法，但對(duì)于英語閱讀的復(fù)習(xí)卻是應(yīng)對(duì)不同題型的通用法寶，不管是詞匯、長難句的積累，還是語感的把握，都能為不同解題方法的實(shí)施更好地奠定基礎(chǔ)，大家一定要雙管齊下，才能在考場(chǎng)上出奇制勝。