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  • 留學(xué)網(wǎng) > 雅思考試 > 雅思寫作語法詳解—限定性定語從句

    雅思寫作語法詳解—限定性定語從句

    發(fā)布時間:2017-09-18編輯:bin

      在雅思寫作中,一般的簡單句會用一個形容詞做定語來修飾一個名詞,但當(dāng)定語成分太過復(fù)雜而不能只用單個形容詞擔(dān)當(dāng)時,就要借助于一個句子來做定語修飾名詞。

      像這樣由句子擔(dān)當(dāng)定語,對被修飾的先行詞進(jìn)行有限定制約,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確,我們稱之為限定性定語從句,下面我們結(jié)合例句進(jìn)行對比學(xué)習(xí):

      a)I don’t like lazy people(形容詞做定語放在名詞前面).

      b)I don’t like the people who never keep their words. 我不喜歡從不遵守諾言的人.

      在限定性定語從句中,有兩個比較重要的概念。以b句為例,獨立主句是:I don’t like the people;定語從句為“who never keep their words”,相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,做定語修飾名詞“the people”, 且從句和主句是由who來連接的。在定語從句中,“the people”被稱為先行詞,指被定語從句所修飾或限制的對象。“who”被稱為關(guān)系詞即重復(fù)指代先行詞,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定成分的連詞。

      從上面的解析不難看出,關(guān)系詞在限定性定語從句中很重要,是連接主句和從句的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)系詞可以分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,下面我們一起來進(jìn)行具體的學(xué)習(xí)。

      I.關(guān)系代詞主要有:who, whom, whose, which, that.

      A. 當(dāng)先行詞為人時,可用關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose 和that.

      a. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時,選用 who 或that.

      eg:The woman is a responsible teacher who /that is loved by her students.

      = The woman is a responsible teacher and she is loved by her students.

      b. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語時,選用 whom(首選),who 或that.

      eg: The girl whom we are talking about is a good friend of us.

      c. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做定語,表示人的所有關(guān)系時,選用 whose 或of whom.

      Eg:I know a friend whose sister is a famous dancer.

      = I know a friend. His sister is a famous dancer. (whose 代替了his,指人 friend)

      B.當(dāng)先行詞為物時,可用關(guān)系代詞which, that 或whose.

      a. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語或賓語時,選用 which 或that.

      Eg:These are the trees which / that are destroyed in the fire(做主語).

      b. 若關(guān)系代詞在從句中做定語,表示物的所有關(guān)系時,選用 whose 或of which.

      Eg:The children saw an elephant whose legs were hurt badly.

      綜上所述,當(dāng)先行詞為人和物時,若在從句中做主語或是賓語,這時可用選用關(guān)系代詞that,做定語時用whose.

      II. 關(guān)系副詞主要有:where,when 和why.

      A. 當(dāng)先行詞為表示地點的名詞時,定語從句由副詞where引導(dǎo).

      In the sixth century BC, ancient Greece was a country where there were a lot of new ideas.

      B. 當(dāng)先行詞為表示時間的名詞時,定語從句由副詞when引導(dǎo).

      Plato lived at a time when philosophy was very fashionable.

      C. 當(dāng)先行詞為表示原因的名詞時,定語從句由副詞why引導(dǎo).

      Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?

      需要注意的是,限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整,例如I met someone who said he knows you.

      通過上面的講解,同學(xué)們在雅思寫作過程中對限定性定語從句是否又多了一份了解呢?希望可以有助于您更好的解析英文中的定語從句,從而更好的提高雅思作文中的長難句學(xué)習(xí)。

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