第一篇：

　　第一篇說生命的形成。

　　剛開始說地球早起火山噴發(fā)使地球山有很多大氣，后來就形成了一些簡單的植物，后來這些植物吸收了那些甲烷和二氧化碳光合作用產(chǎn)生了氧氣和水(后來有個海)，有些簡單的生物就在海里形成了。氧氣多了之后就形成了一個氧氣保護膜，使得地球氣溫不太高，生物不受SUV傷害(這里有一個對比)太陽系上其他planet因為沒有這個氧氣保護層所以沒法形成生命。然后后面就忘了。

　　解析：本文屬于生物類文章，關(guān)注生命起源。該話題一直是新托福�？荚掝}，從最早經(jīng)典加試就開始關(guān)注。對于起源類別文章，多從進化原因或者過程方面來寫，所講內(nèi)容需要的背景知識對高中及以上的學(xué)員也不陌生，只是需要注意的一點是，生物類學(xué)科常伴有很多生僻學(xué)科詞匯，在平時訓(xùn)練以及做題過程中，都需要克服生僻學(xué)科詞匯帶來的焦慮和內(nèi)耗。

　　參考閱讀：

　　Life on Earth began more than 3 billion years ago, evolving from the most basic of microbes into a dazzling array of complexity over time. But how did the first organisms on the only known home to life in the universe develop from the primordial soup?

　　Here are science's theories on the origins of life on Earth.

　　Electric sparks can generate amino acids and sugars from an atmosphere loaded with water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen, as was shown in the famous Miller-Urey experiment reported in 1953, suggesting that lightning might have helped create the key building blocks of life on Earth in its early days. Over millions of years, larger and more complex molecules could form. Although research since then has revealed the early atmosphere of Earth was actually hydrogen-poor, scientists have suggested that volcanic clouds in the early atmosphere might have held methane, ammonia and hydrogen and been filled with lightning as well.

　　The first molecules of life might have met on clay, according to an idea elaborated by organic chemist Alexander Graham Cairns-Smith at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. These surfaces might not only have concentrated these organic compounds together, but also helped organize them into patterns much like our genes do now.

　　The main role of DNA is to store information on how other molecules should be arranged. Genetic sequences in DNA are essentially instructions on how amino acids should be arranged in proteins. Cairns-Smith suggests that mineral crystals in clay could have arranged organic molecules into organized patterns. After a while, organic molecules took over this job and organized themselves.

　　The deep-sea vent theory suggests that life may have begun at submarine hydrothermal vents, spewing key hydrogen-rich molecules. Their rocky nooks could then have concentrated these molecules together and provided mineral catalysts for critical reactions. Even now, these vents, rich in chemical and thermal energy, sustain vibrant ecosystems.

　　Ice might have covered the oceans 3 billion years ago, as the sun was about a third less luminous than it is now. This layer of ice, possibly hundreds of feet thick, might have protected fragile organic compounds in the water below from ultraviolet light and destruction from cosmic impacts. The cold might have also helped these molecules to survive longer, allowing key reactions to happen.

　　Nowadays DNA needs proteins in order to form, and proteins require DNA to form, so how could these have formed without each other? The answer may be RNA, which can store information like DNA, serve as an enzyme like proteins, and help create both DNA and proteins. Later DNA and proteins succeeded this "RNA world," because they are more efficient. RNA still exists and performs several functions in organisms, including acting as an on-off switch for some genes. The question still remains how RNA got here in the first place. And while some scientists think the molecule could have spontaneously arisen on Earth, others say that was very unlikely to have happened.

　　Other nucleic acids other than RNA have been suggested as well, such as the more esoteric PNA or TNA.

　　Instead of developing from complex molecules such as RNA, life might have begun with smaller molecules interacting with each other in cycles of reactions. These might have been contained in simple capsules akin to cell membranes, and over time more complex molecules that performed these reactions better than the smaller ones could have evolved, scenarios dubbed "metabolism-first" models, as opposed to the "gene-first" model of the "RNA world" hypothesis.

　　Perhaps life did not begin on Earth at all, but was brought here from elsewhere in space, a notion known as panspermia. For instance, rocks regularly get blasted off Mars by cosmic impacts, and a number of Martian meteorites have been found on Earth that some researchers have controversially suggested brought microbes over here, potentially making us all Martians originally. Other scientists have even suggested that life might have hitchhiked on comets from other star systems. However, even if this concept were true, the question of how life began on Earth would then only change to how life began elsewhere in space.