過(guò)去完成時(shí)由had+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，因此無(wú)人稱變化：
肯定式：I had/I’d worked等
否定式：I had not/hadn’t worked等
疑問(wèn)式：had I worked?等
否定疑問(wèn)式：had I not/hadn’t I worked?等
B 用法
1 過(guò)去完成時(shí)是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)去式。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
Ann has just left.If you hurry you’ll catch her.
安剛剛走。如果你快一點(diǎn)，就能追上她。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
When I arrived Ann had just left.
我到的時(shí)候，安剛剛離開。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
I’ve lost my case.
我的手提箱丟了。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)：
He had lost his case and had to borrow Tom’s pyjamas.
他的手提箱丟了，不得不去向湯姆借睡衣睡褲。
但是，過(guò)去完成時(shí)不像現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)那樣限于表達(dá)未指明時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，因此可以說(shuō)：
He had left his case on the 4∶40 train.
他把手提箱丟在4點(diǎn)40分的火車上了。
2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和 since/for/always等詞連用，表示一個(gè)開始于過(guò)去并仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。(參見第186節(jié)。)與此同理，過(guò)去完成時(shí)也可以用來(lái)表示在所說(shuō)的過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前就已開始的動(dòng)作，這一動(dòng)作：
(a)在該時(shí)刻仍然在繼續(xù);或
(b)在該時(shí)刻停止或剛剛停止。
但應(yīng)注意，過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示：
(c)在所說(shuō)時(shí)刻之前某一時(shí)候停止的動(dòng)作。
(a)，(b)，(c)這三種類型的例句分別列舉如下：
(a)Bill was in uniform when I met him.He had been a soldier for tenyears/since he wasseventeen，and planned to stay in the army till hewas thirty.
我遇到比爾的時(shí)候，他身穿軍服。那時(shí)他已經(jīng)當(dāng)了十年兵了/他
從17歲就當(dāng)兵，并且還計(jì)劃在軍隊(duì)里呆到30歲。
Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years/ever since she was born，andhad no wish to move toa tower block.
安在小屋里已經(jīng)住了60年/安出生以來(lái)就一直住在小屋，也不想搬到塔樓去住。(這里也可以用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式 had beeniiving。)
(b)The old oak tree，which had stood in the churchyard for300 years/since before the churchwas built，suddenly crashed to the ground.
屹立在教堂墓地上已300百年之久的老橡樹/在教堂建造之前就屹立著的老橡樹突然間嘩啦一聲巨響倒在地上。(這里也可以用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形式 had been standing。)
Peter，who had waited for an hour/since ten o’clock，was very angrywith his sister when sheeventually turned up.
彼得等了一小時(shí)/從10點(diǎn)鐘起就等著，他妹妹終于來(lái)到時(shí)他非常生氣。(也可以用had been waiting。)
(c)He had served in the army for ten years;then he retired and married.
His children were now at school.
他在軍隊(duì)里服役十年，后來(lái)退伍并結(jié)了婚。他的孩子現(xiàn)在已上學(xué)了。
這里既不能用since也不能用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。還要注意到，這里的過(guò)去完成時(shí)沒有與之相當(dāng)?shù)默F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如果把句中最后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其他動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)都要變成一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
He served in the army for ten years;then retired and married.
His chil-dren are now at school.
他在軍隊(duì)里服役十年，然后退伍并結(jié)了婚。他的孩子現(xiàn)在都在上學(xué)。