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  • иԇxԭt֮D

    l(f)r(sh)g:2017-04-13 ݋:

    иxԇһֱ؞صһ(g)ҪԭtߵDЕr(sh)xߵDx@ԒҪʲôߵD?һ

    ʲôаߵD?

    ȣD߉݋P(gun)ϵ@Ă(g)~ʲôP(gun)ϵ?ߵD䌍(sh)Ҳdžv@ԒĹʲô@ԒĹܟoǾ@ԒwF(xin)߉݋P(gun)ϵ߉݋P(gun)ϵҲ҂ƽr(sh)făɾ֮gP(gun)ϵČW(xu)g(sh)Ա_(d)ҕ(hu)ofD߉݋P(gun)ϵ@Ă(g)~˼䌍(sh)һӵ

    ҂Îׂ(g)Ӂݾһ£һ(g)п_^becauseôRϾҪߵDڽoһЩ(ni)ݣ@(g)r(sh)ȥץc(din)͹;while҂֪@ʾЌȵP(gun)ϵôھ׌ҵ֮gIJͬ;Ƶأl(f)F(xin)gby contrast֪ǰԒԒڲͬȥABкβͬ

    Կ@һԒThe Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas thatwere fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas ofsemisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically. 㿴gһ(g)whereas@ԒЩ㲻J(rn)R(sh)~㲻ҪӛĿҵ ǰ󌦱ȵIJͬڴŒx@Ԓ֪֮ǰʲôͬ

    ӵĴnjxhhxhڳ(zhn)(jng)(j)^l(f)_(d)ĵط^(qing)ʢhҪռ(j)Щ(jng)(j)^ĵط

    ٿ@(g)ӣTree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and, in so doing, speed theirsplitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soilfragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind.gЂ(g)in contrast@ǰɾԒγˌȡ(hu)l(f)F(xin)Xƒɂ(g)˼෴~һ(g)splittingɢU(ku)ɢ߀Ђ(g)together(dng)㿴@c(din)ĕr(sh)@Ԓx΄(w)䌍(sh)ѽ(jng)ˡ

    ٿ@ԒSome of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which allextinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken placemore gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. @Ԓ@(f)sһ(g)̖wF(xin)gP(gun)ϵ@(g)r(sh)㿴_^һ(g)some(һЩ)R뵽(hu)“һЩ”ô“һЩ”“һЩ”_fıضǃߵą^(q)e

    @ԒЩ~J(rn)R(sh)mechanismsDzҪӛĿҵǰʲôͬx֮(hu)l(f)F(xin)һ(g)ՓJ(rn)r(sh)gҪþһЩһ(g)J(rn)ҪһЩwsuddenlymoregradually(dng)ץ@c(din)ǰͬĕr(sh)䌍(sh)@Ԓx΄(w)

    ߵD(yng)ھӸČ}

    wׂ(g)}“ߵD”@һ(g)ԭtҪ}ôʹ?(g)ӸČ}ӸČ}ǿһ(g)Ӄ(ni)ΰҪϢ

    ֱӽoһԒՈҳĵϢ@䌍(sh)ǺyQһ(g)˼·@ԒĿĺ͹ʲô?

    1 [Y(ji)]These plants are termed opportunists because [ԭ]they rely on their seeds’falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such asalong an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forestcanopy.

    A. Because [ԭ]their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, [Y(ji)]dandelions are classified as opportunists.

    B. [Y(ji)]Dandelions are called opportunists because [ԭ]they contribute to the naturalprocesses of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy.

    C. The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they cancompete with the seeds of other plants.

    D. The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by naturalprocesses.

    l(f)F(xin)ԭЂ(g)because֪@Ԓڽጣضй҂ȥ͹Y(ji)@ЩֲﱻQC(j)(hu)xԭهNӵM(jn)һ(g)h(hun)f@(g)h(hun)︂Եֲѽ(jng)Ƴˣ]иԵĭh(hun)׃?yn)هԼķNӵM(jn)һ(g)]иԵĭh(hun)@ЩֲﱻQC(j)(hu)x

    ͬW(xu)(hu)such asҪô̎һ҂Ђ(g)ԭtھӮ(dng)a(b)ϢǺҪ;؏(f)Ϣ(yng)ԓDzҪԿsuch asֻҪһc(din)׽oǰʲô(ni)eӵă(ni)ݣ(hu)l(f)F(xin)fĶǵطfǽosettingeôͿ԰һ߅

    ҂ԭDڽP(gun)ϵôĂ(g)x(xing)_Ĵ𰸱ض߉݋P(gun)ϵvԒDϺԭһӵl(f)F(xin)ABCDֻABM(jn)һwă(ni)ݣ֪AԭͽY(ji)cԭһ_x(xing)

    2 [D(zhun)ǰ]Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron,but unfortunately, [D(zhun)ۺ]under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in theregion, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter ayear.

    A. Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keepsthe rates of water addition very small.

    B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year,it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

    C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to theaquifer.

    D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates ofaddition of water continue to increase.

    @(g)}Ŀԭһ(g)but unfortunatelyf@Ԓǰһ(g)D(zhun)ôĵxǰʾIJͬ

    D(zhun)ǰaquiferˮ߀ˮM݂mȻ҂֪݂жߵDfˮܶ

    D(zhun)ۺ@(g)ɺėla(b)ʺСAmounting tooa(b)ʵĔ(sh)؏(f)(ni)ݲҪ

    _D(zhun)ǰfˮD(zhun)ۺfa(b)СȻ҂Ă(g)x(xing)_һ߉݋P(gun)ϵı_(d)ǸButͬһ(g)AdespiteʾD(zhun)׌;Balthough׌;CЂ(g)ԭě]д;Devenʾ׌Ă(g)x(xing)҂(hu)(yu)ȿ]ABD@(g)x(xing)

    м(x)Ax(xing)despiteă(ni)ݱʾˮ󣬺ԭD(zhun)ǰͬ;̖ă(ni)ݱʾa(b)СԭD(zhun)ۺͬA_x(xing)

    3 Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, andredwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass.

    A. Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed on livecordgrass.

    B. The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for birds and animals.

    C. Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects both food and aplace to live.

    D.Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals.

    @(g)}Ŀһ(g)andʾеP(gun)ϵô҂Ҫ]ǰͲкɲֵă(ni)еă(ni)҂(hu)ȡͬ̎ԭ˼andǰfܶxռ(j)ӝɵ@ӵһNֲandf@ЩBȥ@Nֲɲֲһ

    Ă(g)x(xing)Ax(xing)Ђ(g)whileʾȣ߉݋P(gun)ϵ;BЂ(g)butʾD(zhun)߉݋P(gun)ϵ;CЂ(g)althoughʾ׌߉݋P(gun)ϵ߉݋P(gun)ϵΨһ^ԭľDx(xing)wDx(xing)˼@NֲoxBĄ(dng)ṩʳ

    м(x)x(hu)l(f)F(xin)Cx(xing)䌍(sh)fҲеM@NֲoB(dng)ṩʳoxṩʳṩסĵطƺ@Ԓ܉ʾԭĵ˼ǴҲҪӛmȻgZxcԭvԒ߉݋D;ӱʾĹͬԭě]κεD(zhun)׌^@һNȡʾͬ߉݋P(gun)ϵ_(d)Ͳܿ]althoughҪע⣬(ni)fvԒ߉݋P(gun)ϵD҂Ȼ]@}ĴxDx(xing)

    @}ҽBߵDھӸČô(yng)á䌍(sh)f˾ҪvһԒDʲôD@Щ߉݋P(gun)ϵwF(xin)

    ߉݋P(gun)ϵ

    @ҽhӛ߉݋һ͗lY(ji)һ𣬼@߉݋P(gun)ϵ໥Q

    ڶD(zhun)׌^@(g)ұ^ܮ(dng)б^韩DZ^e(g)ܵÿ죬ܵø@D(zhun)Ըijɱ^ܵñ졣

    Dzlike A and BʾABefҴandҴԸijҴandȺͲҲһ𿼑]

    ]@߉݋P(gun)ϵͿԿ]^^Z(dng)~wF(xin)߉݋P(gun)ϵ

    @߉݋P(gun)ϵ̽oϣӸČ}r(sh)ͨ^@ӵ߉݋P(gun)ϵДĂ(g)x(xing)ă(yu)ȼ

    ߵD(yng)Ŀ}

    ҂ٿĿ}

    Paragraph 3: … However, as the storm cloud develops, the ground beneath the cloudbecomes positively charged and lightning can take place in the form of an electrical dischargebetween the negative charge of the cloud and the positively charged ground. Lightning thatstrikes the ground is the most likely to be destructive, so [even though it represents only 20percent of all lightning, it has received a lot of scientific attention].

    The author remarks that “Lightning that strikes the ground is the most likely to bedestructive” in order to explain why

    this form of lightning has been investigated so much

    this form of lightning is not as common as lightning within a cloud

    scientific understanding of this form of lightning is important

    the buildup of positive charge on the ground beneath a storm cloud can have seriousconsequences

    Ŀ}ֱӿvԒDһN}Ŀ@(g)}Ŀߞʲôv„(bio)IJ֡„ă(ni)fеWƉԵ@Ԓǰߞʲôv@ԒϢcϢ֮gP(gun)ϵ@r(sh)(yng)ԓǰĿ߀Ǒ(yng)ԓĿ?䌍(sh)ǰҪߵ߉݋ָ

    @ԒЂ(g)soôsoǰԭǽY(ji)vԭĿĮ(dng)ȻǽጽY(ji)҂Y(ji)ă(ni)@(g)}Ŀ]ôף߀Ђ(g)even though҂֪soDzB~even thoughǏČB~(dng)B~͏ČB~ͬr(sh)ھгF(xin)ĕr(sh)B~(yu)Ծso@_soȫǽY(ji)

    @(g)Y(ji)һ(g)Y(ji)(gu)even though A, B˼ǼʹABc(din)BAsoĽY(ji)(yng)ԓֱ^even thoughit has received…@NWܵ^ĿƌW(xu)P(gun)ע@ԒͬxČA@NʽW늱{(dio)о

    ھӸČ}УߵD?߀Ҫͨ^@ЩwF(xin)߉݋P(gun)ϵı_(d)@ҰoĿ}֞ɷNßoؓ(f)

    “o”“o”

    o

    (֧)

    e

    for example/instance…

    because/unless…

    like, just as…

    ؓ(f)

    F(xin)D(zhun)ۻ򷴆̎

    in/by contrast…

    }ĿҊeጡ@(xing)ؓ(f)(xing)зôДe߀?DŽڵľЛ]wF(xin)D߉݋~for exampleforinstancelikeincludesuch as@Щ~fe

    Դ}^УҪP(gun)ע@ЩwF(xin)D߉݋P(gun)ϵ~

    ߵD(yng)ھӲ}

    Ӳ}ǿcP(gun)ϵ}Ŀ֮gBӳҊľ(xing)ָBԸ~Ӵ^IJB~FANBOYS(for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)Լ^c(din)cŒ(sh)ǰ(xing)ǿҊһ(xing)DzҊ@ҪBBԵĸ~

    g߉݋P(gun)ϵՓCP(gun)ϵ

    ~

    fM(jn)

    Besides, In addition, in fact, indeed, also…

    D(zhun)

    however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, instead…

    thus, hence, therefore, consequently, accordingly…

    Ŀ

    to doʽZZ

    That is (to say)…, In other words…, To put it in another way…

    e

    for example/instance

    gBԸ~@Щ߉݋P(gun)ϵ҂һ(g)ҽ(jng)e(cu)wF(xin)fM(jn)߉݋P(gun)ϵ~M(jn)f@(g)ӸČ}@ԒԭԭĂ(g)ոijһ̎Ȱó׌Żȥ

    Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 squarekilometers. A. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number ofindustrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and aregular grid pattern of streets and buildings. B. Clearly, much planning and central controlwere involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. C. Moreover, the cityhad economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern CentralAmerica and Mexico). D.

    ————————————————————————————————

    In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away asthe Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.

    ҂Ҫ]ʲôطܰуɾԒ֮g“(lin)ϵһ(dng)㿴in factĕr(sh)ҁc֮gʲô߉݋P(gun)ϵ?Ӣin factǰ䌍(sh)DzСfM(jn)P(gun)ϵ҂“Œ(sh)”ǰD(zhun)иxin factĵط䌍(sh)һ(g)СfM(jn)P(gun)ϵ

    Ҳǣǰɾ˼ȡͬJ(rn)in factǰһӣ(hu)l(f)F(xin)ҲҲ@(g)IJ_Ц(g)TPO҂ҵ67}in fact_^ľӲ}_˾gP(gun)ϵ҂M(jn)һ@Ԓwă(ni)fŒ(sh)ρTeotihuacán͹ˇƷ܉ںh(yun)ĵطl(f)F(xin)Ȼǵc(din)ex҂еă(ni)ͬԺ̎h(yun)ĵط

    @Щˇg(sh)Ʒ܉ڄeĵطl(f)F(xin)ζʲô?ζeĵط(yng)ԓ“(lin)ϵô҂һһДÿ(g)ǰЛ]ᵽeĵط“(lin)ϵġ

    x԰l(f)F(xin)ABC(g)x(xing)ǰ涼]veĵط“(lin)ϵٿDx(xing)f@(g)лSк޵Ľ(jng)(j)ڽ̵“(lin)ϵ@ųF(xin)“(lin)ϵΨһ܉ǰƥľDx(xing)ǰf@(g)طeطڽ̺ͽ(jng)(j)“(lin)ϵ֮e(g)Œ(sh)֧šƷ܉ڄeĵطl(f)F(xin)fȻ“(lin)ϵin fact֧ǰ^c(din)

    ڿ]c֮gP(gun)ϵĕr(sh)һҪȥע@Щʾg߉݋P(gun)ϵ~@ЩwF(xin)vԒD

    ߵD(yng)Ɣ}

    ҂Ɣ}

    иxЌ߉݋P(gun)ϵD_(d)yľƔ}֪Ɣ}(jng)һ(g)xOG@ôһԒ“……Џ(qing)Ұʾ]_f”

    (qing){(dio)аʾ˼fȻҪصԭУҲf}EϢ}һµҪȥԭĽoϢДfЛ]_f@ǸϢ}ą^(q)eЛ]׵ظf

    ҂?ni)ճкܶ@ӵӣ“ǰںݵĕr(sh)߀U”䌍(sh)@Ԓ[˼Ҳǰ

    ߀ ^һ(g)TEDvŮef“҂ŮҪϴֵģ҂Ů깫܇Ҫϴֵ҂Ůc(din)nƱҪϴֵ……֮҂Ů˸ʲôҪϴ” ֮ʲô?һֱf˲ϴһ

    l(f)F(xin)@Щ҂?ni)ճкܶvԒӶ]аԒv҂ fʲô˼иx@ӵƔȱȽҽoҵĽhиx(dng)еƔǻڇ(yn)Дڇ(yn)߉݋Дж(g)DߌDД࣬䌍(sh)ֻһ(g)˼҂}Ŀ⡣

    Paragraph 5: Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not alwaysassociated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is oftenfound in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forestmatures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forestfloor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematicalmodels of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystemstability—just the opposite, in fact.

    Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forests?

    They become less stable as they mature.

    They support many species when they reach climax.

    They are found in temperate zones.

    They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stages.

    @(g)}Ŀǂ(g)Ɣ}infer}Ŀredwood foreststľɭ֣p׶λl(f)F(xin)ǾԒڵľӱʾһ(g)fһtľɭֳˣôLڼtľɭֵײNN͔(sh)p

    Ҫעʲô}Ŀxһ(g)^ܹȥx@(g)?yn)@҂Ͳמʲôv@ԒҪصǰ^c(din)ȥ@(g)Ӂfʲô

    ǰ^c(din)҂һBxfڜ؎؅^(q)ԲF(xin)Ⱥ߷ĕr(sh)Ⱥl(f)չgAΡһԒftľɭ֮(dng)ĕr(sh)(sh)Np@䌍(sh)Ǻܺõһ(g)ƥӡ𰸴ҕ(hu)pxC

    @l(f)F(xin)䌍(sh)\(yn)һ(g)ܳҊՓՓʲôՓ?ɴǰСǰƳһ(g)Y(ji)Փ

    e

    ǰ᣺ͬW(xu)W(xu)(x)J(rn)档

    Сǰ᣺С

    Y(ji)ՓСW(xu)(x)J(rn)

    ȻQɣ

    ǰ᣺ͬW(xu)W(xu)(x)J(rn)

    Сǰ᣺СW(xu)(x)J(rn)

    Y(ji)ՓС

    䌍(sh)l(f)F(xin)ܵó@(g)Y(ji)ՓİҲJ(rn)档҂ٻ؁ǂ(g)Ɣ}ǰvڜ؎؅^(q)@ôһ(g)Ҏ(gu)Ȼftľɭַ@ӵһ(g)Ҏ(gu)ܲܵótľɭ־һǜ؎؅^(q)?@Ǵ߉݋e(cu)`ģ_߀xC

    ҂Y(ji)иx(yn)߉݋죬ڿvԒD?yn)иGREGMATLJ(yn)߉݋ԇиһNZԿԇZԽHеvԒD

    vһ(g)؎؅^(q)Ҏ(gu)eӱǜ؎؅^(q)eһ(g)Ꭷ؅^(q)ʲôx?@ǵһ(g)fƔ}УҪߵDߵD߉݋Ҫ

    By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writers and intellectuals of therapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophicalhistorians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playingin eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writersthroughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.

    The word lamented is closest in meaning to

    complained about

    analyzed

    explained

    reflected on

    ٿһ~R}Ɣ}Ɣ˼·sǵ̎ʹõġ@(g)~l(wi)amentedҲDŽ(dng)~҂ڵľf@ЩvʷW(xu)eһ(g)@ôһ(g)ڵһԒf@ȺW(xu)߳һ(g)B(ti)——(distrust)һȺ˶ôe@(g)˵đB(ti)ҲDz@(g)~˼(yng)ԓƫؓ(f)

    ABCDADZԹBǷCǽDǷ˼˼Ψһƫؓ(f)x(xing)A҂xA@(g)}fһ(g)һ(g)Ⱥwһ(g)(g)w@(g)(g)wݱǷ(yng)ȺwĿw@ӵ˼·䌍(sh)\(yn)õ̎}ĕr(sh)ԼP(gun)ע

    [Sediment above and below the gypsum layer] contained tiny marine fossils, indicatingopen-ocean conditions.

    _____________________________________________

    Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid gypsum layer?

    It did not contain any marine fossil.

    It had formed in open-ocean conditions.

    It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.

    It contained sediment from nearby deserts.

    @(g)Ɣ}ԭҽo˴һԒP(gun)gypsum layer@(g)ʯƔʲôԭfʯsediment˺ʯζγںh(hun)ٿlʯlγںh(hun)Z(yng)ԓsediment

    ҂֪кʯкʯggypsum layer]нo㽻}ĿP(gun)gypsum layer֪ʲô?

    @(g)r(sh)Ͳ܇(yn)߉݋Д࣬l(f)F(xin)ҪvԒDʾg]@(g)}҂ֻxAxB

    Y(ji)һ£mȻиx10(g)}xиc(din)DZ󿼲߉݋һӵģoǾǿڲͬZԌӴwF(xin)Ӣ@NZԵĪ(d)ر_(d)ʽҲ@Щ߉݋P(gun)ϵ~

    ҂phrase_ʼclausesentenceһֱparagraphpassagel(f)F(xin)ͬĽY(ji)(gu)Ӵɲͬ~wF(xin)߉݋P(gun)ϵPhraseɽ~clause^Z(dng)~sentenceB~paragraphBԵĸ~wF(xin)

    ͬ};͏IJͬČӴ΁Ӳ}paragraph@(g)Ӵc֮gP(gun)ϵӸČ}sentence(ni)߉݋P(gun)ϵԴ@Щ}P(gun)IҪӢı_(d)߉݋P(gun)ϵ

    ϱV㲻ǽ~^Z(dng)~B~߀Bm(x)Ը~ڲͬӴwF(xin)߉݋P(gun)ϵ@Щ~䌍(sh)ԱʾͬһN߉݋P(gun)ϵԱʾʾ׌ʾСfM(jn)@oһ(g)ҪĽhиxҪȰvԒDvԒD@Щ߉݋P(gun)ϵ~wF(xin)

    OGϸ҂fĺW(xu)ƵıՓ֪R(sh)ӢZ@(g)ZԱôӢZZԱʲôԿ?Ӣ@ת(d)صıʾ߉݋P(gun)ϵķʽϣ܉}^P(gun)ע@ӵԭt

    Ͼиxԭt֮“D”ϣףһ!

    ]
    T]