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成功英語(yǔ)演講的秘訣:開場(chǎng)白、結(jié)束語(yǔ)
演講稿開場(chǎng)白
-To tell a story (about yourself); 講個(gè)(自己的)故事;
-To acknowledge the occasion of the gathering; 對(duì)大家能夠聚在一起表示感謝;
-To pay the listeners a compliment; 稱贊一下聽眾;
- To quote; 引用名人名言;
- To use unusual statistics; 使用一些不平常的數(shù)據(jù);
- To ask the audience a challenging question; 問(wèn)觀眾一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題;
- To show a video or a slide. 播放錄像帶或看幻燈片。
歡迎聽眾(正式)
- Welcome to our company
- I am pleased to be able to welcome you to our company...
- I'd like to thank you for coming.
- May I take this opportunity of thanking you for coming
歡迎聽眾(非正式 )
- I'm glad you could all get here...
- I'm glad to see so many people here.
- It's great to be back here.
- Hello again everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.
- Welcome to X Part II.
受邀請(qǐng)?jiān)跁?huì)議上致詞
- I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...
- I am grateful for the opportunity to present...
- I'd like to thank you for inviting/asking me/giving me the chance to...
- Good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentleman
- It's my pleasant duty today to...
- I've been asked to...
告知演講的話題
- the subject of my presentation is...
- I shall be speaking today about...
- My presentation concerns...
- Today's topic is...
- Today we are here to give a presentation on...
- Today we are here to talk about...Before we start, I'd like you meet my team members...
- A brief look at today's agenda...(告訴聽眾所講內(nèi)容的先后順序)
- Before we start our presentation, let's take a brief look at the agenda...
- I shall be offering a brief analysis of...
- the main area that I intend to cover in this presentation is...
- Take a moment and think of...
- Thank you for giving me the opportunity to tell you about...
告訴聽眾發(fā)言的長(zhǎng)度
- During the next ten minutes, I shall...
- I shall be speaking for about ten minutes...
- My presentation will last for about ten minutes...
- I won't take up more than ten minutes of your time...
- I don't intend to speak for longer than ten minutes...
- I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief
- I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...
引起聽眾的興趣
- I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.
- My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...
- At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...
- I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...
- the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...
- Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...
- By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...
告訴聽眾內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)
- there are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)
- I am going to examine these topics in the following order (...first, ...next, ...after that, ...finally)
- I've divided my talk into five parts...
- I will deal with these topics in chronological order...
- I'm going to start with a general overview and then focus on this particular problem (...in general, ...more particularly).
- I want to start with this particular topic, and then draw some more general conclusions from it (...specifically, ... in a wider context).
- there are (a number of) factors that may affect...
- We have to take into account in any discussion of this subject, the following considerations.
- We all ought to be aware of the following points.
結(jié)束語(yǔ):
-In conclusion, I'd like to...
-I'd like to finish by...
-Finally...
-By way of conclusion...
-I hope I have made myself understood
-I hope you have found this useful
-I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of...
-Let me end by saying...
-That, then was all I had to say on...
-That concludes our presentation...
-I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...
-If there are any questions, I'd be delighted to...
-Thank you for your attention...
-Let's break for a coffee at this point
-I am afraid that the clock is against us, so we had better stop here
-You have been a very attentive audience---thank you
演講稿是人們?cè)诠ぷ骱蜕鐣?huì)生活中經(jīng)常使用的一種文體。它可以用來(lái)交流思想、感情,表達(dá)自己的主張、看法;也可以用來(lái)介紹自己的學(xué)習(xí)、工作情況和經(jīng)驗(yàn)……等等;演講稿具有宣傳、鼓動(dòng)、教育和欣賞等作用,它可以把演講者的觀點(diǎn)、主張與思想感情傳達(dá)給聽眾以及讀者,使他們信服并在思想感情上產(chǎn)生共鳴。
一、演講稿的特點(diǎn)
演講稿具有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn):
第一,針對(duì)性。演講是一種社會(huì)活動(dòng),是用于公眾場(chǎng)合的宣傳形式。它為了能夠用思想、感情、事例和理論來(lái)打動(dòng)聽眾,“征服”群眾,必須要有現(xiàn)實(shí)的針對(duì)性。所謂針對(duì)性,首先是作者提出的問(wèn)題是聽眾所關(guān)心的問(wèn)題,它的評(píng)論和論辯要有雄辯的邏輯力量,要能為聽眾所接受并心悅誠(chéng)服,這樣,才能起到應(yīng)有的社會(huì)效果。
第二,可講性。演講的本質(zhì)在于“講”,而不在于“演”,它以“講”為主、以“演”為輔。由于演講要靠口頭講出來(lái)的,所以寫演講稿的時(shí)候必須以容易說(shuō)能夠講為前提。一篇好的演講稿對(duì)演講者來(lái)說(shuō)要可以;對(duì)聽講者來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該要好聽。因此,演講稿寫成之后,作者最好能通過(guò)試講或默念加以檢查,凡是覺(jué)得講不順口或聽不清楚之處,都應(yīng)該作修改與調(diào)整。
第三,鼓動(dòng)性。演講是一門藝術(shù)。好的演講會(huì)有一種激發(fā)聽眾情緒、贏得好感的鼓動(dòng)性。要做到這一點(diǎn),首先要依靠演講稿思想內(nèi)容的豐富、深刻,見(jiàn)解精辟、獨(dú)到,語(yǔ)言表達(dá)要形象、生動(dòng),富有感染力。
二、演講稿的結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的特殊之處。
演講稿的結(jié)構(gòu)分開頭、主體、結(jié)尾三個(gè)部分,其結(jié)構(gòu)原則與一般文章的結(jié)構(gòu)原則大致一樣。但是,由于演講是具有時(shí)間性和空間性的活動(dòng),因而演講稿的結(jié)構(gòu)還具有其自身的特點(diǎn),尤其是它的開頭和結(jié)尾有特殊的要求。
(一)開頭要抓住聽眾,引人入勝
演講稿的開頭,也叫開場(chǎng)白。它在演講稿的結(jié)構(gòu)中處于顯要的地位,具有重要的作用。好的演講稿,一開頭就應(yīng)該用最簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言、最經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)間,把聽眾的注意力和興奮點(diǎn)吸引過(guò)來(lái),這樣,才能達(dá)到出奇制勝的效果。演講稿的開頭有多種方法,通常用的主要有:
l.開門見(jiàn)山 開門見(jiàn)山,就是直接提示演講的中心,不講多余的話,這樣的開頭,使聽眾一聽就知道演講的中心是什么,注意力馬上就集中在演講上。
2.介紹情況,說(shuō)明根由。這種開頭可以迅速縮短與聽眾的距離,使聽眾急于了解下文。
3.從日常生活或切身體會(huì)入題 可以借助某事件、某一比喻、個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷或一段笑話,喚起聽眾的注意,同時(shí)使它成為與題目有關(guān)的媒介,或與演講的主要內(nèi)容銜接起來(lái)的因素。
4.用提問(wèn)激發(fā)聽眾的思考 這種方法是根據(jù)聽眾的特點(diǎn)和演講的內(nèi)容,提出一些激發(fā)聽眾思考的問(wèn)題,以引起聽眾的注意。
除了以上三種方法,還有唱歌式、懸念式、警策式、幽默式、雙關(guān)式、抒情式等。作為演講比賽,巧妙地承接上一位或前面幾位選手的演講話題,或是他們演講中的觀點(diǎn)、動(dòng)作等進(jìn)行引發(fā),效果將非同凡響。這種臨場(chǎng)性的發(fā)揮會(huì)給聽眾留下良好的印象。
好的開頭是成功的一半,頭開好了,接下來(lái)就是文章的主體部分了。
(二)、主體要環(huán)環(huán)相扣,層層深入
這是演講稿的主要部分。在行文的過(guò)程中,要處理好層次、節(jié)奏和銜接等幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。
1、層次 我們都知道看文章,一遍不清楚,可以回頭再看,而演講卻不同,聽眾只能聽一遍,因此要求層次、條理十分清楚,能讓聽眾一聽就明白。
那末,怎樣才能使演講稿結(jié)構(gòu)的層次清晰明了呢?根據(jù)聽眾以聽覺(jué)把握層次的特點(diǎn)基本方法就是在演講中樹立明顯的有聲語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志,從而獲得層次清晰的效果。此外,還可以運(yùn)用過(guò)渡句,或者是“首先”“其次”“然后”等語(yǔ)詞來(lái)區(qū)別層次,
2、節(jié)奏 節(jié)奏,是指演講內(nèi)容在結(jié)構(gòu)安排上表現(xiàn)出的張弛起伏。
演講稿結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)奏,主要是通過(guò)演講內(nèi)容的變換來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。演講內(nèi)容的變換,是在一個(gè)主題思想所統(tǒng)領(lǐng)的內(nèi)容中,適當(dāng)?shù)夭迦胗哪、?shī)文、軼事等內(nèi)容,以便聽眾的注意力既保持高度集中而又不因?yàn)楦叨燃卸a(chǎn)生興奮性抑制。優(yōu)秀的演說(shuō)家?guī)缀鯖](méi)有一個(gè)不長(zhǎng)于使用這種方法。
演講稿結(jié)構(gòu)的節(jié)奏既要鮮明,又要適度。平鋪直敘,呆板沉滯,固然會(huì)使聽眾緊張疲勞,而內(nèi)容變換過(guò)于頻繁,也會(huì)造成聽眾注意力渙散。所以,插入的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該為實(shí)現(xiàn)演講意圖服務(wù),而節(jié)奏的頻率也應(yīng)該根據(jù)聽眾的心理特征來(lái)確定。
(三)結(jié)尾要簡(jiǎn)潔有力,余音繞梁。結(jié)尾是演講內(nèi)容的自然收束。言簡(jiǎn)意賅、余音繞梁的結(jié)尾能夠使聽眾精神振奮,并促使聽眾不斷地思考和回味;
1、把要點(diǎn)做一下總結(jié)。
2、展望未來(lái),鼓舞斗志 在演講結(jié)束時(shí),提出任務(wù),指明前途,提出希望,發(fā)出號(hào)召,鼓舞聽眾振奮精神,堅(jiān)定信念,采取行動(dòng),會(huì)收到預(yù)期的效果。
3、用充滿激情的話語(yǔ)作結(jié) 充滿激情的話語(yǔ)能激起聽眾情緒的激動(dòng),激越的感情會(huì)使聽眾受到感染,并受到鼓舞。
4、用名言、詩(shī)句、歌曲作結(jié)。 用名言、詩(shī)句作結(jié)可以使演講的主題得到有力的證明,加強(qiáng)演講的力度,使聽眾在聯(lián)想和印證中得到深刻啟示。
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