高中階段It常用句型解析及運(yùn)用
一、It作形式主語(yǔ)1.It 代替不定式，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：
It+ be+ adj./ n. +( for sb )to do sth;
It+ be+ adj. +of sb to do sth
It takes +sb+一段時(shí)間+ to do
①It is important for us to master a foreign language.對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)，掌握一門外語(yǔ)是十分重要的。
②It is very kind of you to help me with my English.你幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)，真是太好了。
③It will take about two days to drive to Shanghai.開車去上海大約要兩天的時(shí)間。
2.It代替動(dòng)名詞，常用于下列句型中：
It is no use doing sth. 做……沒(méi)有用。
It is no good doing sth. 做……沒(méi)好處
It is fun doing sth. 做……有趣
①It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。
②It’s no good eating some fast food.吃快餐是沒(méi)有好處的。
③It’s great fun jumping into the swimming pool in summer.夏天跳進(jìn)游泳池里游泳是件有趣的事。
3.It代替that從句，常用于下列句型中：
It be +adj./ n. +that從句
It be +過(guò)去分詞+ that 從句
It seems / appears / happens / turns out that 從句
It occurred to sb+ that從句
①I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s said that it’s quite a good one.
我不知道這家飯館，但聽(tīng)說(shuō)相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)。
②It is clear that he has made a mistake. 很明顯他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
③It turns out that we’ll have a happy, peaceful festival.結(jié)果是我們又將度過(guò)一個(gè)歡樂(lè)祥和的節(jié)日。
④It occurred to me that I had left the key at home.我突然想到我把鑰匙落在家里了。
二、It 作形式賓語(yǔ)
1.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句，且其后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)置于句末。常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：believe相信，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，feel感覺(jué)，think認(rèn)為，guess猜想，discover發(fā)現(xiàn)，notice注意到，make使……，讓……等。
①I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.我認(rèn)為要掌握一門外語(yǔ)而沒(méi)有大量的記憶是不可能的。
②I feel it hard to persuade my father to give up his plan.我覺(jué)得說(shuō)服父親放棄計(jì)劃很難。
③He makes it a rule to keep a diary every day.寫日記成了他每天的習(xí)慣。
④Don’t take it for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. 不要認(rèn)為那些在入學(xué)考試中考得高分的就是最成功的人。
2.某些及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)不能直接加賓語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)須用it作虛設(shè)賓語(yǔ)，然后接賓語(yǔ)從句，此種用法常用于like，dislike，hate， appreciate, depend on等后。
①I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我討厭人說(shuō)話時(shí)嘴里含著食物。
②I like it when you kiss me.我喜歡你吻我的時(shí)候。
③You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.你可以相信所有的貨物都會(huì)及時(shí)用船運(yùn)到國(guó)外去。
④I’d appreciate it if you would like to help me to solve the problem.
如果你肯幫我解決那個(gè)問(wèn)題。
三、It 引起的幾個(gè)易混時(shí)間句型
1.It’s time…該做……
本結(jié)構(gòu)中，time之后可接動(dòng)詞不定式或that 從句，在從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”（should不可省略）或用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。
①It’s time for us to have breakfast.該吃早飯了。
②It’s time that I picked up my son from school.我該去接我的兒子了。 2. It/ That / This + was + the first (second…) time that sb had done sth.這是sb第幾次做sth。
此結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)除了用it之外，還可以用this， that等，其中序數(shù)詞也可以修飾day，month，year等名詞。That從句中一般使用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
①This is the first time that he has visited China.這是他第一次到中國(guó)旅行。
②It was the fourth time that they had defeated the Japanese team.這是他們第四次擊敗日本隊(duì)。
3. It was / took long( hours, days, years, etc )+before sb did sth. 過(guò)了多久……才……
It will be/ take long( hours, days, years, etc) +befor sb do sth. 要過(guò)多久……才……
以上結(jié)構(gòu)表示某一動(dòng)作從現(xiàn)在起到將來(lái)某時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的這一段時(shí)間，也可以表示某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻起直到過(guò)去另一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的若干時(shí)間。
①It will be/ take two years before we meet again.我們兩年之后再見(jiàn)面。
②It was / took a long time before I got to sleep last night.昨晚我很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才入睡。
4.It is +years(days, weeks, months, etc) +since sb did sth.，本結(jié)構(gòu)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束是以since從句來(lái)表現(xiàn)的。
—What is the party like?聚會(huì)進(jìn)行得怎樣？
—Wonderful. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.很好。我好幾年沒(méi)有玩得這么開心了。
5.It is/ was +具體時(shí)間+when從句
本結(jié)構(gòu)是定語(yǔ)從句句型，具體時(shí)間是先行詞，關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
①It’s 8 o’clock when I get home from work every day. 每天我下班回家時(shí)已經(jīng)八點(diǎn)了。
②It was six o’clock in the morning when they got up and did morning exercises.他們起床早操是在早上六點(diǎn)鐘。
四、it 作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本形式是：It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that / who +其余部分。這一句型通常強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)，一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。
1.注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)的一致性。
在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
①It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.是瑪麗和湯姆一直在做好事。
②It is I who am going to Shenzhen next month.是我下個(gè)月要去深圳。
2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用that而不用when，where，why或how。
①It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.大約600多年前，第一個(gè)帶有鐘面和時(shí)針的鐘面世了。
②It was in Greece that Olymhttps://p.9136.com/28petitions first started.奧林匹克競(jìng)賽始于希臘。
③It was because her mother was ill that she was absent from the meeting yesterday. 昨天是因?yàn)樗龐寢屔×�，她才沒(méi)有來(lái)開會(huì)。
3.對(duì)not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中until引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，需用“It is/ was not until… that…”這一固定句型。That從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定式。
①It is not until he approves that we will start our project.直到他同意我們，才會(huì)開始我們的項(xiàng)目。
②It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.直到1920年，正式的廣播才開始出現(xiàn)。
4.特殊疑問(wèn)句只有疑問(wèn)詞可以被強(qiáng)調(diào)，其句型是：疑問(wèn)詞+is/ was +it+that從句。當(dāng)這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句用作從句時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句式用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
①I have always been honest and straight forward, and it doesn’t matter who it is I’m talking to.我一直是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)和直爽的人，我在和誰(shuí)說(shuō)話并不重要。
②When was it that you began to learn French？你是從什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)法語(yǔ)的？
③I really didn’t know where it was that the old man lost his purse.
我真不知道老人是在什么地方丟了錢包。
五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句與主語(yǔ)從句及定語(yǔ)從句的辨析
1.含有主語(yǔ)從句的句子譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可加上“正是”或“就是”之類的字眼，而強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)可以；含有主語(yǔ)從句的句子若去掉“It be…who/ that…”，則原句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義均不成立，而強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志仍成立。試比較：
It is important that you study hard at young age.年輕時(shí)努力學(xué)習(xí)非常重要。（主語(yǔ)從句）
It was in the street that we happened to see her.在街上我們碰巧遇見(jiàn)了她。（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）
2.若that或who 可有可無(wú)（結(jié)合it be分析），則為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，否則是定語(yǔ)從句。試比較：
It was Tom who came from a small mountain village that won the first prize in the contest.正是湯姆，一個(gè)來(lái)自于小山村的男孩，獲得了比賽的第一名。
who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不可省略，故本句為定語(yǔ)從句；后面的that連詞同it was 可以去掉，整個(gè)句子為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。
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