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  • Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中為單個網(wǎng)卡配置多個IP的教程

    時間:2022-06-24 16:52:05 TCP/IP 我要投稿
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    關(guān)于Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中為單個網(wǎng)卡配置多個IP的教程

      關(guān)于Ubuntu系統(tǒng)中為單個網(wǎng)卡配置多個IP的教程

      樣例輸出:

      1: lo:mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default

      link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

      inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      inet6 ::1/128 scope host

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

      link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

      inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      或

      sudo ifconfig

      樣例輸出:

      enp0s3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:2a:03:4b

      inet addr:192.168.1.103 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

      inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 Scope:Link

      UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

      RX packets:186 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

      TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

      collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

      RX bytes:21872 (21.8 KB) TX bytes:9666 (9.6 KB)

      lo Link encap:Local Loopback

      inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

      inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

      UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

      RX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

      TX packets:217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

      collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

      RX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB) TX bytes:38793 (38.7 KB)

      正如你在上面輸出中看到的,我的網(wǎng)卡名稱是 enp0s3,它的 IP 地址是 192.168.1.103。

      現(xiàn)在讓我們來為網(wǎng)卡添加一個新的 IP 地址,例如說 192.168.1.104。

      打開你的終端并運行下面的命令添加額外的' IP。

      sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3

      用命令檢查是否啟用了新的 IP:

      sudo ip address show enp0s3

      樣例輸出:

      2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

      link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

      inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      inet 192.168.1.104/24 scope global secondary enp0s3

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      類似地,你可以添加任意數(shù)量的 IP 地址,只要你想要。

      讓我們 ping 一下這個 IP 地址驗證一下。

      sudo ping 192.168.1.104

      樣例輸出

      PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.901 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.571 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.521 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.524 ms

      好極了,它能工作!

      要刪除 IP,只需要運行:

      sudo ip addr del 192.168.1.104/24 dev enp0s3

      再檢查一下是否刪除了 IP。

      sudo ip address show enp0s3

      樣例輸出:

      2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

      link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

      inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      可以看到已經(jīng)沒有了!!

      正如你所知,重啟系統(tǒng)后這些設(shè)置會失效。那么怎么設(shè)置才能永久有效呢?這也很簡單。

      添加永久 IP 地址

      Ubuntu 系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)卡配置文件是 /etc/network/interfaces。

      讓我們來看看上面文件的具體內(nèi)容。

      sudo cat /etc/network/interfaces

      輸出樣例:

      # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

      # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

      source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

      # The loopback network interface

      auto lo

      iface lo inet loopback

      # The primary network interface

      auto enp0s3

      iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

      正如你在上面輸出中看到的,網(wǎng)卡啟用了 DHCP。

      現(xiàn)在,讓我們來分配一個額外的地址,例如 192.168.1.104/24。

      編輯 /etc/network/interfaces:

      sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

      如下添加額外的 IP 地址。

      # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

      # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

      source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

      # The loopback network interface

      auto lo

      iface lo inet loopback

      # The primary network interface

      auto enp0s3

      iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

      iface enp0s3 inet static

      address 192.168.1.104/24

      保存并關(guān)閉文件。

      運行下面的命令使更改無需重啟即生效。

      sudo ifdown enp0s3 && sudo ifup enp0s3

      樣例輸出:

      Killed old client process

      Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1

      Copyright©2004-2024 Internet Systems Consortium.

      All rights reserved.

      For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

      Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

      Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

      Sending on Socket/fallback

      DHCPRELEASE on enp0s3 to 192.168.1.1 port 67 (xid=0x225f35)

      Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.3.1

      Copyright©2004-2024 Internet Systems Consortium.

      All rights reserved.

      For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

      Listening on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

      Sending on LPF/enp0s3/08:00:27:2a:03:4e

      Sending on Socket/fallback

      DHCPDISCOVER on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3 (xid=0xdfb94764)

      DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.103 on enp0s3 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x6447b9df)

      DHCPOFFER of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1

      DHCPACK of 192.168.1.103 from 192.168.1.1

      bound to 192.168.1.103 -- renewal in 35146 seconds.

      注意:如果你從遠(yuǎn)程連接到服務(wù)器,把上面的兩個命令放到一行中非常重要,因為第一個命令會斷掉你的連接。而采用這種方式可以保留你的 ssh 會話。

      現(xiàn)在,讓我們用下面的命令來檢查一下是否添加了新的 IP:

      sudo ip address show enp0s3

      輸出樣例:

      2: enp0s3:mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000

      link/ether 08:00:27:2a:03:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

      inet 192.168.1.103/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      inet 192.168.1.104/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe2a:34e/64 scope link

      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

      很好!我們已經(jīng)添加了額外的 IP。

      再次 ping IP 地址進行驗證。

      sudo ping 192.168.1.104

      樣例輸出:

      PING 192.168.1.104 (192.168.1.104) 56(84) bytes of data.

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.050 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.054 ms

      64 bytes from 192.168.1.104: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.067 ms

      好極了!它能正常工作。就是這樣。

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