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  • 高中英語語法主語從句與先行解析

    時間:2020-07-17 15:43:34 基礎英語 我要投稿

    高中英語語法主語從句與先行解析

      高中英語語法主語從句與先行解析

    高中英語語法主語從句與先行解析

      主語從句與先行it

      主語從句可以按其引導詞的不同分為三類:

      第一類,用從屬連詞that引導的主語從句,例如:

      That we shall be late is certain.

      That the driver could not control his car was obvious.

      這種結構主要是對that從句的內容進行強調,屬正式文體,連詞that不可以省略;但是在一般情況下,往往使用先行it結構,即用it作形式主語,而把that從句放到后面,這時,在口語中,連詞that有時則可以省略。所以上述兩句可以改為:

      It is certain that we shall be late.

      It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.

      如果整個句子是疑問形式,就只能用先行it結構,例如:

      Is it true that he would take the risk?

      Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?

      常使用先行it結構,用that從句作主語的句子有下列幾個句型:

      1、It + be + 形容詞 + that從句:

      It is clear that he was telling the truth.

      It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.

      2、It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句:

      It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.

      3、It + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + that從句:

      It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

      It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.

      4、It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句:

      It is said that he has been there many times.

      5、It + seem/happen/appear等不及物動詞 + that從句:

      It seems that he has lost something.

      注意:

      在上述第1和第2兩種句型中,that從句前置與使用先行it,that從句后置在意義上沒有什么差異;但使用先行it結構較為常見。

      在第3種句型中,that從句前置在語法上是可能的,但實際上并不常見,通?偸鞘褂孟刃衖t結構 .

      第4種句型實質上是被動結構,由于that從句不可以位于句首作被動句的主語,所以只能使用先行it結構。

      第5種句型已經形成了固定的搭配關系,that從句不能前置,只能使用先行it結構,不過,這種結構可以轉換為帶有不定式的簡單句,例如:

      It happened that I had no money with me that day.

      → I happened to have no money with me that day.

      第二類,用連接代詞who、whose、which、what,連接副詞when、where、how、why,以及連詞whether(或if)引導的主語從句,例如:

      Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.

      → It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.

      What he did is not yet known.

      → It is not yet known what he did.

      Whether it is true remains a problem.

      → It remains a problem whether / if it is true.

      從以上例句可以看出,這類主語從句可以直接放在句首作主語,也可以使用先行it結構,把主語從句放在后面,兩種結構可以互換,意義上無差異,但用if 引導主語從句時,只能采取先行it結構,也就是說if不可以引導置于句首的`主語從句。

      第三類,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever等代詞引導的主語從句,例如:

      What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.

      Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.

      這類從句一般相當于帶有定語從句所修飾的名詞詞組,即在結構上相當于一個名詞加上一個定語從句,例如:

      What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

      → The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

      Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.

      → Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished.

      切記,這類主語從句不可以使用先行it結構。

      上述第二類主語從句與第三類主語從句盡管在形式上十分相似,但實際上是不同的。第二類結構中用連接代/副詞引導的從句系由特殊疑問句轉化而來,以whether/if引導的從句系由一般疑問句轉化而來,自然含有疑問的意味,例如:

      When they will have the sports meet is still a question.

      → When will they have the sports meet?

      Who he is doesn’t concern me.

      → Who is he?

      Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.

      → Will he join us?

      而第三類結構中的主語從句則沒有疑問的意味。

      試比較下列各句:

      ① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.

     、 What caused the accident was a broken bottle.

      ③ What she looks like doesn’t matter.

     、 What she’d like is a digital watch.

      上述各句中盡管都有一個以what引導的主語從句,但其意義不盡相同;第①和③句中的主語從句系由What caused the accident?和What does she look like?轉化而來,所以可以改成:

      It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.

      It doesn’t matter what she looks like.

      第②④句中的主語從句含義分別為The thing that caused the accident和The thing which she’d like,所以不含疑問意味,因此不可以說:

      It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.

      It is a digital watch what she’d like.

      但是可以說:

      It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.

      It is a digital watch that she’d like.

      不過,這已不是主語從句,而是強調結構了。

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