大學(xué)英語四級常用的語法

時(shí)間：2024-10-19 23:52:13 大學(xué)英語我要投稿

有關(guān)大學(xué)英語四級常用的語法精選

　　大學(xué)英語四級常用語法精選(12)

　　Ⅴ 連詞

有關(guān)大學(xué)英語四級常用的語法精選

　　并列連詞

　　表示意義的引申: and, both…and, not only…but(also), as well as, and …as well, neither…nor

　　表示選擇: or, either…or

　　表示轉(zhuǎn)折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認(rèn)為是副詞)

　　表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence

　　從屬連詞

　　表示時(shí)間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once

　　表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that

　　表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition (that),

　　表示其他關(guān)系: (al)though, than, as/so…as, lest, in order that, so…that

　　Ⅵ 定語從句

　　限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞詞組不可缺少的一個(gè)組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬于補(bǔ)充說明性質(zhì), 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.

　　The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.

　　The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.

　　如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其后的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:

　　Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.

　　Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.

　　All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.

　　在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.

　　My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.

　　All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.

　　定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

　　that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時(shí)用that (作主語時(shí)用who較多). 如果關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應(yīng)當(dāng)用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數(shù)情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.

　　Here is the man (whom) you've been looking for.

　　He is a man (that) you can safely depend on.

　　The people (who/that) you were talking to were Swedes.

　　There are some people here who I want you to meet.

　　但在介詞后只能用whom:

　　This is the man to whom I referred.

　　但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子后面去, 這時(shí)可用that, 但省略時(shí)更多一些.

　　Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?

　　Have you met the person (that) he was speaking about

　　The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.

　　The girl (who/that) I spoke to is my cousin.

　　限制性定語從句如果修飾“物”, 用關(guān)系代詞that的時(shí)候較多, 也有時(shí)用which.. 當(dāng)這個(gè)代詞在從句中是用作賓語時(shí), 在絕大多數(shù)情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當(dāng)被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時(shí)):

　　Have you everything you need?

　　(Is there) anything I can do for you?

　　All you have to do is to press the button.

　　2016年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(4)

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

　　6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.

　　A all in all B above all C after all D over all

　　all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的

　　in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

　　7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.

　　A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

　　now that 既然，由于(相當(dāng)于since); ever since 自從…以來。

　　與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：

　　now that 既然，由于; in that 因?yàn)? except that 除…之外。

　　except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。

　　8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.

　　A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

　　be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

　　responsible to 對…負(fù)有責(zé)任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。

　　be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。

　　9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.

　　A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

　　regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語境非常有限)。

　　10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.

　　A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

　　out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。

　　2016年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(3)

　　動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　動作發(fā)出者 + 動名詞;當(dāng)動作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動名詞;當(dāng)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動名詞。

　　形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

　　第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

　　2016年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(2)

　　短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。

　　非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)

　　句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。

　　1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.

　　A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed

　　perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;

　　to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;

　　一些特殊的動詞：

　　第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;

　　這兩個(gè)詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

　　注意：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

　　forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;

　　remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;

　　2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.

　　A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him

　　offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.

　　him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

　　動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。

　　第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

　　例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.

　　A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut

　　1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.

　　A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected

　　watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;

　　感官動詞watch， see， hear; 感官動詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do

　　be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作的過程。

　　2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.

　　A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

　　give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);

　　give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈送禮品。

　　3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.

　　A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

　　keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情

　　keep me informed 使我被告知。

　　4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.

　　A after which B for which C with which D at which

　　fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

　　I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。

　　5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.

　　A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward

　　in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

　　注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

　　例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.

　　A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

　　第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

　　例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]

　　A making B to make C to have made D having made

　　2016年大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)(1)

　　非謂語動詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)

　　當(dāng)短語部分有獨(dú)立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時(shí)短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。(它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語部分有獨(dú)立的主語)。

　　獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]

　　現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過去分詞表示被動的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。作題時(shí)要通過判斷動作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動者時(shí)則用過去分詞。

　　1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.

　　A followed B following C to follow D being followed

　　2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.

　　A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

　　call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。

　　獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]

　　3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.

　　A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged

　　as well as 和(相當(dāng)于and); be encouraged不會考。

　　動詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);

　　been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)

　　短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。