即興演講的誤區(qū)有哪些

　　即興演講的誤區(qū)有哪些你知道嗎?你對即興演講的誤區(qū)有哪些了解嗎?下面是yjbys小編為大家?guī)�來的即興演講的誤區(qū)，歡迎閱讀。

　　備戰(zhàn)即興演講——注意事項(xiàng)

　　通常情況下，即興演講是沒有時(shí)間或僅有極少時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備的，演講者即席站起來演講，和聽眾進(jìn)行溝通。即使對于母語是英語的演講者來說，即興演講也是非常有挑戰(zhàn)的，更何況對于英語為二語的演講者。

　　如何準(zhǔn)備即興演講呢?

　　整體上講，即興演講仍然要遵循前面所陳述過的、好的演講應(yīng)該具備的要素，如有價(jià)值的主題、堅(jiān)實(shí)的內(nèi)容支撐、清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)以及臺上真誠的溝通等。建議選手們在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中，需要有意識地將這些原則和要素付諸實(shí)施，應(yīng)用并融入到自己的日常演講活動中，多多進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，使之形成一種習(xí)慣。相信長久以往，即使在即興演講中你也可以表現(xiàn)得訓(xùn)練有素。

　　但即興演講確實(shí)有其自身的、區(qū)別于定題演講的局限和特點(diǎn)，即興演講往往更考察選手在短時(shí)間內(nèi)的思考能力、邏輯能力以及語言組織能力。

　　在即興演講中應(yīng)該注意些什么呢?

　　避免個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)過于主觀和偏激。

　　在即興演講中，由于沒有時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備，往往沒有太多思考的時(shí)間，選手們所表現(xiàn)出的觀點(diǎn)往往顯得不那么深入透徹，不那么經(jīng)得起推敲。但這也正是即興演講所要考察選手的一種能力：選手的思考能力。

　　另外，即興演講題目一般都是需要選手在某兩種立場或觀點(diǎn)中做選擇，然而這并不代表選手應(yīng)該以偏概全。相反選手更應(yīng)保持開放的心態(tài)，向聽眾呈現(xiàn)自己對某問題的思考，應(yīng)避免偏激和主觀。

　　記得在一次演講比賽中，一個(gè)選手抽到的即興演講題目是“Which ones do you prefer, experienced old professors or young teachers?”

　　小姑娘選擇的是年輕教師，這本無可厚非，但問題在于通篇演講中只談到了年輕教師是如何好，而沒有提及老教師。如此一來，這樣的演講就顯得有些偏頗，過于主觀和情緒化。所以選手在即興演講中更應(yīng)保持一種開放和溝通的心態(tài)，能夠認(rèn)識到自己思考的局限性，并愿意不斷地進(jìn)步和提高。

　　避免結(jié)構(gòu)松散，思維混亂。

　　即興演講中，選手應(yīng)力求保持演講的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，有頭有尾，中間部分是經(jīng)過支持的主要觀點(diǎn)。下面可以給大家一個(gè)模板，選手們不妨把正文部分的每個(gè)含有主要觀點(diǎn)的段落視為給聽眾烹制的一頓大餐，嘗試套用此模板：MEAL。

　　M stands for main point.

　　E stands for examples to support main points.

　　A refers to analysis and explanation of the point.

　　L refers to the logical link between the central idea and main point as well as the one between the main point, examples and the analysis.

　　(這里的MEAL概念來自James Ferris, Stephen E. Lucas編寫的Speech Composition Resources, 7th edition)

　　下面我們不妨看看Steve Jobs 2005年斯坦福大學(xué)做的畢業(yè)演講的節(jié)選。在這篇演講中他講了3個(gè)關(guān)于他自己的故事，其中每一個(gè)故事都是一頓“獨(dú)立的大餐”。

　　下面是他的第一個(gè)故事，我們一起來欣賞一下他是如何為聽眾“烹制大餐的”。

　　“The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months but then stayed around as a drop-in for another eighteen months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

　　It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy. Do you want him?" They said, "Of course."My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life.

　　And seventeen years later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how college was going to help me figure it out, and here I was,spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting. It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example.

　　Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.

　　None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class and personals computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later.

　　Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward. You can only connect them looking backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will some how connect in your future. You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny, life, karma,whatever--because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.”

　　在第一個(gè)故事里，他首先向聽眾直接揭示出他的主題：connecting the dots.接下來，他用自己親身的經(jīng)歷和例子來支持他的論點(diǎn)，說明他生活的軌跡，他生活的各個(gè)片段如何聯(lián)系起來的。

　　然后，他進(jìn)一步解釋說明什么是connecting the dots, 以及它的意義所在。

　　由此看來在第一個(gè)故事中，大餐中的所有元素都圍繞一個(gè)主題有機(jī)地、邏輯緊密地聯(lián)系在一起。

　　在臺上避免語速過快，含有過多的um ,ur等非正常停頓。

　　在即興演講中，很多選手會馬上陷入平時(shí)和朋友聊天的節(jié)奏，容易語速過快，語言質(zhì)量不高，過于口語化，有過多的非正常停頓。畢竟即興演講仍然是正式的演講，不是聊天，因此選手要始終保持和聽眾的溝通，進(jìn)行有效的眼神交流，保持合適的節(jié)奏，保持語言的流暢性和準(zhǔn)確度。

 

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