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中石油職稱英語考試閱讀理解練習(xí)文章
下面這類閱讀文章是職稱考試中第三大部分“閱讀理解”的易考文章。大家不妨仔細(xì)理解其中的意思，為考試做準(zhǔn)備。
Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 運(yùn)動(dòng)有奇效嗎?
1. Just asexercise strengthensthe heart and lungs,bones andmuscles,itmay alsopower upthe brain.A succession ofscientificstudies of animals suggeststhatphysical activityhas a positive effecton mentalfunctioning.
1、正如(just as)運(yùn)動(dòng)能強(qiáng)心、健肺、固骨、壯肌一樣(strengthen 加強(qiáng);鞏固)，運(yùn)動(dòng)也能健腦(power up 加電)(主語it，即是從句中的exercise)。對(duì)動(dòng)物的一系列(a successionof)科學(xué)研究(這一大串主語是單數(shù))表明(suggests)，體育活動(dòng)對(duì)智力的發(fā)揮(on mental functioning)有積極作用(that引導(dǎo)賓語從句)。
2. “It’s clearthatthebrainbenefitsfromexercise，”says brain scientistWilliam Greenoughof the Universityof Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Hisstudies with ratshavedemonstratedtwo primary effects ofactivity: vigorous physical exerciseprovidesthe brainwithmore fuel, andskill-basedexerciseincreasesthe formation of connectionsin the brain,which,according tothe proposals ofsome scientists，may make thebrain better able to process information.
2、伊利諾伊大學(xué)香檳分校的腦科學(xué)家威廉•格里諾(WG)說，“很明顯，運(yùn)動(dòng)使大腦受益(benefit from)。”(it是形式主語，真正的主語是thebrain benefits from exercise)他對(duì)老鼠的研究已經(jīng)表明(demonstrated)運(yùn)動(dòng)具有兩大功效：(1)運(yùn)動(dòng)量大的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)給大腦提供更多的動(dòng)力(provide with 供給)，(2)而技巧性的運(yùn)動(dòng)則增強(qiáng)大腦神經(jīng)的聯(lián)結(jié)。依照某些科學(xué)家的見解，這種聯(lián)結(jié)能使大腦更好地處理信息(which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾the formation of connections，which是從句的主語)。
3. In one experiment, laboratory rats wereseparatedintothree groups. One group wasexercisedbyrunning inside an automatic wheel, a second group improved their skillsin a complicated obstacle course，and a third group wasinactive.
3、在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠被分成三組(separate into 把…分成)：第一組在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)，第二組通過一種復(fù)雜的越障訓(xùn)練來提高技能，第三組則不做任何運(yùn)動(dòng)。
4. “The animalsthatlearned to go through the obstacle course exhibiteda greater number of brain connectionsthanthe animalsin the exercised or inactive groups，” Greenough said，“In contrast, the animalsthatexercised inside the automatic wheel possesseda greater density of blood vessels in the brainthan dideither of the other two groupsof animals.”
4、“與跑動(dòng)的和不運(yùn)動(dòng)的老鼠相比，經(jīng)過越障訓(xùn)練的老鼠腦神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)數(shù)更多。”(exhibit vt. 顯示;that引導(dǎo)定語從句)格里諾說，“相比之下(in contrast)，在自動(dòng)輪中跑動(dòng)的老鼠比其他兩組的老鼠之一，其大腦的血管密度更大。”(possess vt. 擁有，具有;bloodvessels 血管;did可能用于強(qiáng)調(diào))
5.Learninganew dance stepmay boostthe brainin the same waythatlearninga languagecan, he says. Andifthedance is a good physical exerciseaswell, the benefits multiply. Young brainsmay be especially able toboost brain power through exercise,suggestedanother of Greenough’ s experimentsthatshowedthe most significant changes in the brainoccurredamong ratsthathad been exercised whenvery young. Andwhileanimalsaren’t people, he saysit is logical to make the inferencethatan effectfoundin ratsmay alsoapplytohumans.
5、他說，學(xué)習(xí)一種新的舞步和學(xué)習(xí)一種語言一樣(in the same way 同樣地)，都能促進(jìn)大腦發(fā)展(boost vt. 促進(jìn))。如果這種舞蹈還是(as well)一種良好的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，則益處加倍(multiply vi.)。據(jù)格里諾的另一組實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示(suggested another of Greenough’ s experiments)，年輕的大腦尤其(especially)能夠通過運(yùn)動(dòng)來增強(qiáng)能力。這組實(shí)驗(yàn)(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做主語，指“這組實(shí)驗(yàn)”)表明，從小就鍛煉的(that had been exercised when veryyoung中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾rats)老鼠，其大腦的變化最為顯著(或譯為：這組實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，大腦的最顯著變化(the most significant changes)是在從小就鍛煉的老鼠中間產(chǎn)生的)。他說盡管(while)動(dòng)物不是人，但依此推斷(make theinference)(that引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the inference)在老鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的(found in rats，過去分詞作定語)功效同樣適用于(apply to)人也合乎邏輯。(或譯為：他說，盡管動(dòng)物不是人，但在老鼠身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的功效同樣適用于人的推斷是合乎邏輯的。)
6.Human studieshavefocusedprimarilyonolder adults and suggestthatregular exercise can improve thespeedwith whichthe brainprocesses information. Measurementsmadeby Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstratethatinactive adults，aged 63 to 82, could hit buttonsfesterin response toa toneafterthey wentthrougha 10-week water exercise course.Acorrespondingcontrol groupthat didn’t exercise showedno improvement.
6、對(duì)人類的研究主要集中在老年人身上(focus on 集中于)，其結(jié)果表明(that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句)，經(jīng)常鍛煉能提高大腦處理信息的速度(with which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the speed)。伊利諾伊大學(xué)阿瑟•克雷默測(cè)量的結(jié)果證明(made by Arthur Kramer atthe University of Illinois過去分詞作定語，修飾measurements)，63至82 歲的不運(yùn)動(dòng)的成年人，在完成為期十周的水上運(yùn)動(dòng)課程之后，聽音擊鍵的反應(yīng)加快了(in responseto 響應(yīng);對(duì)…有反應(yīng))。而另一組相應(yīng)的、未經(jīng)鍛煉的受控人群則不見任何提高。
7. This boostin reaction timeafterexercise trainingmayoccurbecausedeclinesassociated withgettingoldcould actually stem from declinesin physical condition. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental functionoften attributedtogetting oldmay really be penalty ofneglecting to stayphysically active,in addition torelatedfactorssuch asmedicines andpoor diet.
7、接受運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練之后，人的反應(yīng)速度會(huì)加快，這可能是因?yàn)榕c衰老有關(guān)的(associated withgetting old過去分詞作定語，修飾declines)機(jī)能衰退實(shí)際上根源于(actually stem from)體質(zhì)下降(兩個(gè)declines都是名詞，第一個(gè)declines是原因狀語從句的主語，第二個(gè)是賓語)。一些科學(xué)家推測(cè)(speculate)，除了如(such as)藥物作用和飲食不當(dāng)(poor diet)等相關(guān)因素外(in additionto 除…之外)，常常被歸咎于(過去分詞attributed to getting old作定語，修飾the reductionin mental function)衰老而導(dǎo)致的大腦功能下降實(shí)際可能是對(duì)不注意保持體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的(neglecting tostay physically active; neglect n. & vt. 疏忽，忽視;stay vt. 堅(jiān)持)一種懲罰(may reallybe penalty of; penalty n. 處罰;罰款)。
8. “In older people, an exercise programappearsimportant forbrain maintenance，” says DanielM. Landers, professor of exercise scienceatArizona State University,whorecently published an articlereviewingthe scientific literature on activity’s effect on the brain.
8、亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)教授丹尼爾•蘭德斯說，“對(duì)老年人來說，鍛煉計(jì)劃對(duì)維持大腦功能顯得(appears)非常重要。”他最近發(fā)表了一篇文章，回顧并評(píng)述了有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大腦的影響的科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)(現(xiàn)在分詞reviewing詞組作定語，修飾an article)。
9. Numerous studies showthatchildrenwhoengage inregularphysical activitydo betterin schoolthantheir inactive classmates. Butuntil recently, the academic edgegained by participating in sportswas thought tocome fromtheincreasedself-confidence,the better moodandthe ability to concentrate that comesfrom burning off steam in exercise. Now, however, some scientistshave revisedtheir way ofthinking, andpoint topossible physical connections.
9、許多研究表明，經(jīng)常進(jìn)行體育鍛煉(who engage inregularphysical activity;由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾children)的孩子，在學(xué)業(yè)上(in school)比他們那些不活動(dòng)的同學(xué)優(yōu)秀。但直到最近，人們還認(rèn)為(was thought to)因參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)而獲得(gained byparticipating in sports 過去分詞作定語，修飾the academicedge; gain by 通過…獲得; participatein 參加，參與)的學(xué)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)(the academic edge)來自于(come from)增強(qiáng)的自信(theincreasedself-confidence)、更好的心態(tài)，以及由運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)消耗體力所帶來(that comesfrom burning off steam in exercise定語從句，修飾concentrate)的集中注意力的能力(ability to 有…的能力)。而現(xiàn)在，一些科學(xué)家修正了(revised)他們的看法，表示這可能與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)神經(jīng)聯(lián)結(jié)有關(guān)。
10.Pierce J. Howard, another expert,saysnew researchindicatesthatphysical exerciseincreasesthe amount ofcertain brainchemicalsthat stimulate growth ofnerve cells.Consequently, the brains of peoplewho exercisemay be betterequippedto tackle mental challenges.
10、另一名專家皮爾斯·J·霍華德說，新的研究表明(indicates)，體育鍛煉提高了大腦中激發(fā)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)(that stimulate growth ofnerve cells定語從句，修飾the amount of certainbrain chemicals)的某些腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量。(第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，physicalexercise是從句的主語。)因此，那些進(jìn)行鍛煉(who exercise定語從句，修飾the brains of people)的人的大腦可能更有能力(may be betterequipped;equip vt.裝備，配備)應(yīng)付各種智力挑戰(zhàn)(to tackle mentalchallenges不定式作賓語)。
11.Inactivitymay also havenegative effects onmind and bodyalike. “Scientists recognizethatmind is body, and body is mind, “ commentsHoward. The mostbeneficialforms of exercise, he says,engageboth.
11、不活動(dòng)對(duì)大腦和身體都可能有負(fù)面影響(negative effects)。“科學(xué)家們都認(rèn)識(shí)到(recognize)，心即是身，身即是心，”霍華德評(píng)價(jià)道(commentvi. 發(fā)表評(píng)論)。他說，最有益的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式是身心兼顧(engagevt. 使參加;使從事于)。
練習(xí)：
1. It’sclear the brain benefitsfrom exercise.
A.which B. where C.when D.that
2.Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel, and skill-basedexercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, may make the brain better able toprocess information.
A.which B. where C.when D.that
3. animals aren’t people, it islogical to make the inferencethataneffect found in rats may alsoapply tohumans.
A.which B. where C.while D.that
4. Theanimalsthatexercised inside theautomatic wheel a greaterdensity ofblood vesselsin thebrainthandideither of the other two groups of animals.
A.processed B. possess C. process D. possessed
5.Inactive adults，aged 63 to 82, could hit buttons festerin response toa toneafterthey went through water exercise course.
A.10-weeks B. 10-week C.a 10-week D. a 10-weeks
6. Somescientistsspeculatethe reductionin mental function getting oldmay reallybe penalty of tostayphysically active.
A.attributing to; neglected B.attributed; neglecting
C.attributedto; neglected D. attributedto; neglecting
7. Butuntil recently,the academic edgegained by participating in sports come fromthe increased self-confidence, the better mood and theability toconcentrate that comes fromburning off steam in exercise.
A. wasthought to B. is thought to C.thought to
8.Inactivity negative effects onmind and bodyalike.
A. mayalso has B. may also have C. may also had
9.“Scientists recognize that mind is body, and body is mind,”
Howard.
A.connects B. corrects C. concerns D. comments
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