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職稱英語綜合類B概括大意歷年真題
2024年職稱英語考試復(fù)習(xí)已經(jīng)開始，為了讓大家了解職稱英語考試難易程度，以下是小編收集整理的職稱英語綜合類B概括大意歷年真題，供大家練習(xí)。
職稱英語綜合類B概括大意歷年真題 1
Teaching Is "One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK"
(1) The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 11-16), and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers, Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would "seriously consider" teaching as a career has fallen sharply,from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.
(2) The main drawback of secondary teaching according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners,24, is a good example: "I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher -- but when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isnt very lucrative(賺錢的) job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher."
(3) Its not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people dont want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Heres the view of Dave Hallam, an account from London, "I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers,"
(4)"I love teaching; its my passion. Ive been a secondary-school teacher of Spanish for ten years now, and although its a very demanding job, its very satisfying. When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing along to Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud," says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers, "I find that I always have too much work to do."
(5) The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. "Hopefully," the report concludes, "these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future."
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Students bad behavior and lack of discipline
B. Improvement of children behavior
C. Heavy workload on teachers
D. The problem of low salary
E. A report on teacher shortage
F. A nationwide publicity campaign
27. More and more young people are held back from teaching __________.
28. Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are ___________.
29. The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease__________.
30. The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising __________.
A. its benefits
B. their childhood memories
C. their stress
D. more training
E. discipline problems
F. because oflow pay
答案與解析：
23.E。題干：第一段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第一段的主題句是第一句，大意是說英國政府的一項報告指出許多中學(xué)面臨著師資困難，故E(有關(guān)師資短缺的報告)是正確答案。
24.D。題干：第二段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第二段首句是主題句，大意為“根據(jù)報告，中學(xué)教學(xué)的主要問題是工資低”，故D(低工資的問題)是正確答案。
25.A。題干：第三段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。第三段的主題句為第二句，“yet”之前討論的.是師資不足不僅僅是錢的問題，“yet”之后討論人們不愿做老師的另外一個原因就是有些學(xué)生行為惡劣，因而A(學(xué)生的不良行為和缺乏管束)是正確答案。
26.c。題干：第四段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。四段沒有主題句，以Brian Jones的例子來說明教師在看到學(xué)生通過考試時的滿足感，后半部分則是他希望政府能夠給老師減負(fù)，故C(教師工作負(fù)擔(dān)重)是正確答案。(如果段落之中沒有明顯的主題句，則需要根據(jù)大意或者高頻詞匯進行判斷。)
27.F。題干：越來越多的年輕人不愿意從事教師的職業(yè)__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞young people可以定位到第二段第二句，教師工資比很多其他職業(yè)的工資低得多，這意味著越來越少的年輕人決定做教師，所以答案為F(因為低工資)
28.E。題干：家長被鼓勵要支持教師，當(dāng)有__________的時候。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞parents和back the teacher可以定位到第三段最后兩句，Dave Hallam認(rèn)為家長要為孩子在學(xué)校的不良行為負(fù)責(zé)，應(yīng)該在家嚴(yán)格要求孩子，同時也要教會孩子尊重老師，對比幾個選項，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)選項E(紀(jì)律問題)比較符合語境。
29.C。題干：政府應(yīng)該給教師減負(fù)來減輕__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞reduce the workload可以定位到第三段最后一句，可知Brian認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該給教師減負(fù)，因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的工作量太多了，所答案為C(他們的壓力)o
30.A。題干：政府應(yīng)該通過宣傳__________來提升教師職業(yè)。利用題目順序和段落順序一致的原則以及題干關(guān)鍵詞government，promotin9和advertisin9等可以定位到第五段的第三句，即政府也應(yīng)發(fā)動全國性的宣傳運動，例如在電視和報紙做廣告等，來展示教授年輕人的積極意義。因此，該題答案選A(它的好處)。
職稱英語綜合類B概括大意歷年真題 2
The Storyteller
(1) Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And thats what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.
(2) Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parents 1966 divorce, "It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life." "He was scared of just about everything," recalls his mother, Leah Adler. "When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And thats just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist."
(3)Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dads movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War II battles. Spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. "Steven would start telling his ghost stories," says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr.,leader of Troop 294, "and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it."
(4) Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood.
Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship (實習(xí)) in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.
(5) Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. "The process for me is mostly intuitive(憑直覺的 ) ," he says. "There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel (續(xù)集) to Jurassic Park."
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Inspirations for his movies
B. The trouble of making movies
C. A funny man
D. Getting into the movie business
E. Telling stories to make friends
F. An aim of life
27. Some of Spielbergs most successful movies came from__________.
28. When Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of__________.
29. Spielberg is very good at __________.
30. Spielberg says he makes movies for __________.
A. almost everything
B. telling scary stories
C. a number of reasons
D. making children laugh
E. his childhood memories
F. a lot of money
答案與解析：
23.F。題干：第一段的段落大意為__________。第一段的主題句為首句，即Steven Spielberg有一個目標(biāo)，那就是給很多愿意傾聽的人講很多好的故事，所以選項F“人生的目標(biāo)”為正確答案。
24.A。題干：第二段的段落大意為__________。第二段的主題句為第一句：Even decades later,Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years，which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.即Spielber9認(rèn)為他對兒時有著清晰的記憶，而這些就是他一些成功作品的來源，所以選項A“電影的靈感”為正確答案。
25.E。題干：第三段的段落大意為__________。第三段無明顯的主題句，該段主要講Spielberg很擅長講恐怖的故事，讓他交到了很多朋友，所以選項E“講故事來交朋友”為正確答案。
26.D。題干：第四段的段落大意為__________。第四段無明顯的主題句，該段主要講述Spielberg被電影學(xué)院所拒，然后到離好萊塢比較近的大學(xué)上學(xué)，并努力獲得在好萊塢實習(xí)的機會，獲得電影合同后就退學(xué)了，所以選項D“進入電影行業(yè)”為正確答案。
27.E。題干：Spielberg非常成功的電影都來自于__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞和第24題的`分析，可知Spielberg認(rèn)為他對兒時有著清晰的記憶，而這些就是他一些成功作品的來源，所以選項E“他兒時的記憶”為正確答案。
28.A。題干：Spielberg是個孩子的時候，他害怕__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞be scared of可以定位到第二段“He was scared ofjust about everything”，意為“他害怕幾乎所有的一切”，所以選項A“幾乎所有的一切”為正確答案。
29.B。題干：Spielberg很擅長__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞is good at和題目順序與題干順序一致的原則，可以定位第三段“Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends”，意為“Spielberg講恐怖故事的天賦讓他交到了朋友”，所以選項B“講恐怖故事”為正確答案。
30.C。題干：Spielber9說他制作電影是因為__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞make movie可以定位到第五段“There are films that I feel I need to make，for a variety of reasons，for personal reasons.for reasons that l want to have fun…”，意為“我覺得我需要制作電影，因為各種各樣的原因，比如因為個人的原因，因為我想找到樂趣的原因”，所以選項C“很多原因”為正確答案。
職稱英語綜合類B概括大意歷年真題 3
supermarket
supermarket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning groceries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes price in either an offensive or defensive way. as a method, supermarket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-service, largely centralized checkout, and competitive prices. the supermarket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, ____(1)____.
The term supermarket usually refers to an institution in the grocery retailing field. most supermarkets emphasize price. some use price offensively by featuring low prices in order to attract customers. other supermarkets use price more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a price disadvantage. since supermarkets typically have very thin gross margins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital.
Supermarkets originates in the early 1930s. they were established by independents ____(2)____. supermarkets were an immediate success, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. in recent decades supermarkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenience and to improve overall gross margins.
Today stores using the supermarket method of retailing are dominant in grocery retailing. however, different names are used to distinguish these institutions ____(3)____:
A superstore is a larger version of the supermarket. it offers more grocery and nonfood items ____(4)____. many supermarket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction.
Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. they, too, offer more groceries and nonfoods than a supermarket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. some combination stores are joint ventures between supermarkets and drug chains such as kroger and sav-on.
For many years the supermarket has been under attack from numerous competitors. for example, a grocery shopper can choose among not only many brands of supermarkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish markets, and convenience stores). supermarkets have reacted to competitive pressures ____(5)____: some cut costs and stressed low prices by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer services. others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), groceries attuned to a particular market area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various service departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and pharmacies).
A、by size and assortment
B、than a conventional supermarket does
C、including building materials, office products, and, of course, groceries
D、attracting more customers with their low prices
E、primarily in either of two ways
F、to compete with grocery chains
答案：
CFABE
職稱英語綜合類B概括大意歷年真題 4
The Story of Lani
Five-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning。“She’s very good about it ”says her father David.Lani is alive today because of her father David，in more than one way;when she was one year old she received part of her father’s liver in a liver—transplant operation.Lani was born with a liver illness . __________ (46) Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live.
The operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams，one for the father and one for thedaughter __________ (47)In these cases，the donor’s liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks。and t11e child’s liver becomes smaller.
Lani spent three weeks in hospital after the operation.Because the receiver’s body tries to reject the new organ，the patient has to be given special drugs __________ (48)
Although David left hospital after 10 days，he didn’t return to work until after three months.In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall，which is strong and full of muscle.It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. __________ (49)So far，only 16 of these liver—transplant operations have been carried out in Britain. __________ (50)Doctors say,“If possible，we prefer to take a liver from a dead don not, usually a parent.”
Lani still has to look after her health，and she gets more tired than other children of the same age，but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger.
A、She had one operation when she was six weeks old，which was not successful.
B、While these drugs are given，it is important that the patient does not catch any illness，not even a cold.
C、In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250--300 grams，was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter.
D、David quickly recovered from the operation.
E、However, they are more common in North America and Japan.
F、David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year.
答案：
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. F 5. E
職稱英語綜合類B概括大意歷年真題 5
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information,” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1
A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effets on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. 2
As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Austrnlia, many in high density residential areas5. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. 4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.
5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.
詞匯: mobile /5mEubail/ adj.移動的 circulate /5sE:kjuleit/ v.流傳 electromagnetic /IlektrEJ5mA^nItIk/ adj.電磁的 density /5densiti/ n.密度 transmitter tower發(fā)射塔 disregard /7disri5^B:d/ v.不顧 shield /Fi:ld/ n.隔離屏 accelerate /Ak5selEreit/ v.加速，加快注釋：
1. 動詞 prove用的是過去式形式 proved，這是虛擬語氣表示假設(shè)的用法。
2. Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight …“沒有人會在一個晚上倒地死去……” overnight是副詞，意為“一夜間;一下子;整夜”。如： This stadium was not built overnight.這個體育場不是一下子建起來的。 On his way to Europe, John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去歐洲的途中，約翰在芝加哥他父母那兒呆了一個晚上。
3.介詞 by表示“以……(速的度增加)”。
4.介詞 by表示“到……前”。如： By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report. 到周四上午你應(yīng)該寫完實驗報告。 5. many in high density residential areas 是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它省略了 being，即 many (being) in high density
residential areas。此外， many指的是 many transmitter towers。
6. at a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解為 at a rate (that is) more than three times that of adults.意為“以比成人多兩倍的比率……”短語中的 that指代 rate。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法是：“數(shù)字 +times+名詞/that”。如： His salary is three times that of mine. 他的薪水比我多兩倍。 The sales volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999. 2000年冰箱的銷量比 1999年多一倍。練習(xí)：
A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6. B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people. C “If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said. D Then who finances the research? E For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community. F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.
答案與題解：
1. C “空 1”應(yīng)該填入與 low-level radiation有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，例如： low-level radiation究竟有害還是無害。所以， C是合適的選項。此外，直接引語也佐證了選擇的合理性。
2. B“空 2”前面一句介紹了澳大利亞擁有手機的現(xiàn)狀。選項 B的內(nèi)容是對到 2000年之前手機發(fā)展前景的預(yù)測，內(nèi)容連貫，是正確答案。
3. E 這一段的第一句說的`是，許多微波發(fā)射搭建在人口稠密的居民區(qū)。選項 E的內(nèi)容涉及微波發(fā)射塔的地點選擇只考慮到地理位置，而不顧及社區(qū)的安全。選項 E擴展了第一句表達(dá)的信息。此外選項 E 中出現(xiàn) tower這個詞，與第一句的 tower相呼應(yīng)，也佐證了選擇的合理性。
4. A “空 4”前面一句說的是 Robert Bell建議政府應(yīng)該禁止在兒童比例高的地區(qū)(如學(xué)校操場、兒童醫(yī)療中心、居住小區(qū)等 )的 500米半徑的范圍內(nèi)建造發(fā)射塔。選項 A說明為什么要這樣做的原因，因而是答案。
5. D “空 5”后面一句說的是 major telephone companies出錢資助研究項目的問題，提示了 D是正確答案
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