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成人高考專升本英語(yǔ)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)
語(yǔ)法
語(yǔ)法包含的內(nèi)容很多,比較繁雜,每次考試中基本上是一個(gè)小題一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),但都是最基本的語(yǔ)法。這也就要求考生比較全面地掌握基本語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)歷年的考題,常考的語(yǔ)法大體上包括時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、倒裝句、反義疑問(wèn)句、從句、形容詞和副詞的比較、主謂一致性、一些固定句型等。下面作簡(jiǎn)單的講解。
l.時(shí)態(tài)
時(shí)態(tài)在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中是最基本的,也是最困惑的難點(diǎn)之一?梢哉f(shuō)不學(xué)會(huì)時(shí)態(tài)就無(wú)法與人交流。有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)的出題方式,通常要求考生根據(jù)已給的題干中的主句或從句中的時(shí)態(tài)或表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)部分,判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的正確一項(xiàng)。下面的表格(表l~表5)可以幫助考生對(duì)比各時(shí)態(tài)的差別,從而輕松理解、記憶并使用。
表l一般時(shí)
過(guò)去時(shí) |
worked |
He worked 12 hours yesterday. 他昨天工作了12個(gè)小時(shí)。 |
現(xiàn)在時(shí) |
work |
He works for his father. 他為他父親干活。 |
將來(lái)時(shí) |
will/shall work |
He will work in a factory as an engineer. 他將在工廠里當(dāng)工程師。 |
表2進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) |
was/were working |
He was working on his paper when I called him. 我給他打電話時(shí)他正在寫(xiě)論文。 |
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) |
is/are/am working |
He is working now. 他正在干活。 |
將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) |
will/shall be working |
He will be working on his finals this time tomorrow. 明天的這個(gè)時(shí)候他會(huì)在復(fù)習(xí)期末考試。 |
表3完成時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí) |
had worked |
He had worked ten hours when you came in. 你進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)他已經(jīng)干了l0個(gè)小時(shí)了。 |
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) |
have/has worked |
He has never worked so late this week. 這個(gè)星期他還從未工作到如此晚。 |
將來(lái)完成時(shí) |
will/shall have worked |
He will have finished his work by then. 到那時(shí)他已經(jīng)完成他的工作了。 |
表4完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) |
had been working |
He had not been working when I came in. 我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)他并沒(méi)有在干活。 |
現(xiàn)在 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) |
have/has been working |
He has been working on his paper all week. 他的論文寫(xiě)了一個(gè)星期了。 |
將來(lái) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí) |
will/shall have been working |
He will have been working for the boss for ten days tomorrow. 到明天他就應(yīng)該已經(jīng)給這個(gè)老板干了l0天活了。 |
表5過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) |
would/should work |
He said he would not work tomorrow. 他說(shuō)他明天不上班。 |
過(guò)去將來(lái) 進(jìn)行時(shí) |
would/should be working |
I never thought that someday I would be working with him. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)某一天競(jìng)跟他一起做事。 |
過(guò)去將來(lái) 完成時(shí) |
would/should have worked |
He told me that he would have finished his work by the end of September. 他告訴我到九月底他會(huì)完成他的工作。 |
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