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  • 2017年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解:兒童教育和溝通結(jié)合

    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-11-19 編輯:少冰

      隨著2017考研的接近,相關(guān)的考研參考資料也開始出臺(tái)了。下面是小編為大家整理收集的關(guān)于2017年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解:兒童教育和溝通結(jié)合的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,歡迎大家的閱讀。

      Not longafter the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was aparent saying, “your child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped!” The bully's parent replied, “you must have the wrong number. Mychild is a little angel.”

      Atrillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children areteased or tyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. Butthese days, as studies in the U.S. show bullying on the rise and parentalsupervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that callingmoms and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playgroundrecriminations and don't really teach our kids any lessons about how tonavigate the world and resolve conflicts.

      When you callparents, you want them to “extract the cruelty” from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist inEvanston, Illinois. “But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel.They wont believe it.” In a recent policedepartment survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of local high schoolstudents said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parentsthought their children would act as bullies.

      In a newU.S.PTA survey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal withbullying. But many educators warn that those conversations can bemisinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should getobjective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.

      Meanwhile,if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your child's bullying,listen without getting defensive. That's what Laura McHugh of Castro Valley,California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spitin another boy's food.Her son had confessed, but the victim's mom “wanted to make sure my son hadn'tgiven her son a nasty disease,” says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested for AIDSand other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way wasremote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHugh's son that his badbehaviour was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents CoachKids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the test results. Allwere negative.

      Remember:once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchydialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket. [419 words]

      1.Theword “bullying” probably means______.

      [A] frightening and hurting

      [B] teasing

      [C] behaving like a tyrant

      [D] laughing at

      2. Callingto a bully's parent.______.

      [A]has long existed but changed itscontent

      [B]is often done with carefulthinking

      [C]often leads to blaming andmisunderstanding

      [D]is used to warn the child not todo it again

      3.According to the surveys in the U.S., _______.

      [A] bullying among adults is alsorising

      [B] parents are not supervising theirchildren well

      [C] parents seldom believe bullies

      [D] most parents resort to calling todeal with bullying

      4. Whenbullying occurs, parents should_______.

      [A] help the bulling child get rid ofcruelty

      [B] resort to the mediator

      [C] avoid getting tooprotective

      [D] resist the temptation of calling

      5.LauraMcHugh promised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because________.

      [A] her son confessed to beingwrong

      [B] she was afraid to annoy the boy'sparent

      [C]he was likely to be affected bythese diseases

      [D]she wanted to teach her own son alesson

      核心詞匯

      blow away *① to completely surprise sb., to affect intensely; overwhelm使大為驚訝;強(qiáng)烈影響,征服例:That concert blew me away.音樂(lè)會(huì)震撼了我。② to defeat sb. completely, esp. ina game (尤指在比賽中)徹底戰(zhàn)勝例:Nancy blew away the rest of theskaters.南希戰(zhàn)勝了其他的滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員。

      bully n.[C]恃強(qiáng)凌弱者;流氓,暴徒

      vt. ① to threaten to hurt or frighten sb. weaker 欺侮例:He was bullied by the older boysat school. 他在學(xué)校里受到大孩子的欺負(fù)。② to use your strength or power to make sb. do sht. 恐嚇, 脅迫例: The manager tried to bully hismen into working harder by threatening them with dismissal. 經(jīng)理企圖以解雇相威脅, 迫使職工更賣力氣。

      Contract n..[C]契約;合同

      vi. to become smaller or narrower縮小;收縮例:Metal contractsas it becomes cool. 金屬冷卻時(shí)收縮。

      *vt. to begin to have an illness患(病)例:He contracted pneumonia.他得了肺炎。

      flare vi.(也作flare up)① to suddenly begin to burn, or toburn more brightly for a short time 突然燃燒起來(lái);(短暫地)燒旺例:The match flared in the darkness.火柴在黑暗中突然著了一小會(huì)兒。 *②(感情等)突然爆發(fā)例:Violence has flared up again inthe Middle East. 中東又突然爆發(fā)了暴力事件。③(疾病)突然加劇例:My asthma tends to flare up onsmoggy days. 在煙霧天我的氣喘往往會(huì)加劇。

      n. [C]①閃光,瞬時(shí)的明亮火焰②信號(hào)燈(彈)

      resolve vt.* ① to find asatisfactory way of dealing with a problem or difficulty解決例:There werent enough beds, but the matter wasresolved by George sleeping on the sofa.床不夠用,但喬治睡到沙發(fā)上問(wèn)題就解決了。② to make a definite decision to dosth.(某人)決心,決定例:After the divorce she resolved never to marry again.離婚以后,她下決心永不再嫁。③(委員會(huì)、會(huì)議等通過(guò)投票)作出決議,表決例:The Senate resolved to accept thePresident's budget proposals by 70 votes to 30.參議院以70票對(duì)30票通過(guò)決議,同意總統(tǒng)的預(yù)算草案。

      vi. 下決心,決定例:He resolvedon/against (making) an early start. 他決定(不)早出發(fā).

      超綱詞匯

      itchy a. 使人發(fā)癢的

      mediate *v. 斡旋,調(diào)停 a. 居中的,間接的

      rant n./v. 怒吼,咆哮,大聲抱怨

      recrimination n. *①反詰,互相指責(zé)②反控告

      tyrannize vt. ①對(duì)……施行暴政 *②專橫地對(duì)待

      長(zhǎng)難句分析

      1.That's whatLaura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that herthen 13 year-old son had spit in another boy's food.

      該句主干是That'swhat...。在what引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句中,其主干成分為L(zhǎng)aura McHugh did,of Castro Valley, California是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),做后置定語(yǔ),修飾主語(yǔ)Laura McHugh; when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句修飾謂語(yǔ)did。

      2.She knew the chance of contractingany disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showedMcHughs son that his bad behavior was being taken seriously.

      該句是由but引導(dǎo)的并列句。前一分句的主干是She knew (that)...,賓語(yǔ)從句中的主干為the chance was remote,介詞短語(yǔ)of... this way做后置定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)chance;后一句的主句是her promise calmed the mother andshowed McHughs son that...,that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句做動(dòng)詞show的賓語(yǔ),構(gòu)成show sb. sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),sb.為間接賓語(yǔ),sth.為直接賓語(yǔ),這里的直接賓語(yǔ)為that從句。

      語(yǔ)篇分析

      本文題材涉及兒童教育,作者試圖教導(dǎo)家長(zhǎng)如何正確處理孩子被欺負(fù)這一問(wèn)題。它是一篇現(xiàn)象解釋型文章,按照“指出現(xiàn)象—解釋現(xiàn)象—提出解決方案”的脈絡(luò)展開論述,可以分成三大部分。

      第一段為第一部分,指出現(xiàn)象:受欺負(fù)的孩子的家長(zhǎng)打電話投訴,希望對(duì)方家長(zhǎng)能管教好自己的孩子,但對(duì)方家長(zhǎng)不以為然。句子You must have the wrong number. Mychild is a little angel體現(xiàn)了欺負(fù)人的孩子的家長(zhǎng)對(duì)此問(wèn)題的態(tài)度。

      [b第二、三段為第二部分,解釋現(xiàn)象:打電話投訴的方式對(duì)解決孩子之間的沖突起不了作用。

      第二段:引用了兩類研究結(jié)果。一類研究結(jié)果表明:仗勢(shì)欺人現(xiàn)象在增多而家長(zhǎng)管教卻在減少(bullying on the rise and parental supervisionon the decline)。另一類研究結(jié)果表明:①家長(zhǎng)的投訴電話毫無(wú)用處(more futile than ever);②這種電話常導(dǎo)致相互指責(zé)(lead to recriminations);③達(dá)不到教育孩子的目的(not teach our kids any lessons)。

      第三段:引用心理學(xué)家LauraKavesh的觀點(diǎn)指出,一方面,受欺負(fù)的孩子的家長(zhǎng)打電話的目的是希望對(duì)方家長(zhǎng)幫助其孩子改掉壞毛病(extract the cruelty);另一方面,接到電話的家長(zhǎng)卻很少相信(blow away)自己的孩子會(huì)欺負(fù)別人。作者進(jìn)而用警察局調(diào)查結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)(89% students engaged in bullying,18% parents thought children bully)支持Laura的觀點(diǎn)。

      第四、五、六段為第三部分,解決問(wèn)題:建議家長(zhǎng)雙方正確對(duì)待這一問(wèn)題。

      第四段:提出了第一種解決方法,即希望通過(guò)客觀的局外人(objective outsider)來(lái)調(diào)解(mediate),而不是當(dāng)事人雙方直接聯(lián)系。

      第五段:提出了第二種解決方法,即家長(zhǎng)學(xué)會(huì)耐心傾聽(listen without getting defensive)。列舉了“父母教導(dǎo)孩子組織”的創(chuàng)始人Laura McHugh處理問(wèn)題的實(shí)例進(jìn)而教育家長(zhǎng)該怎么做:①認(rèn)真傾聽;②積極處理;③通過(guò)嚴(yán)肅處理事情借以教育孩子,這與第二段末句中“dont really teach our kids anylessons”對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)了。

      第六段:呼應(yīng)開始部分,用警句的形式,告誡家長(zhǎng)不要采取打電話投訴這種解決方式。

      試題命制分析

      通過(guò)對(duì)文章的整體分析,我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面命題,考查考生的閱讀理解能力。

      1. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

      (1)可以考查“打電話投訴”這種行為的結(jié)果,參見試題2。

      (2)在文中,作者列舉了兩類研究結(jié)果(第二段)、兩個(gè)專家的觀點(diǎn)(第三段和第五段)以及兩個(gè)調(diào)查結(jié)果(第三段和第四段),可以綜合考查,參見試題3。

      (3)針對(duì)文中提出的解決方案,可以綜合考查,參見考題4。此外,也可以采用判斷正誤的形式進(jìn)行考查,如:以下哪一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的?[A]想打電話的家長(zhǎng)要克制自己的行為;[B]受欺負(fù)的孩子的家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該直接聯(lián)系當(dāng)事人;[C]接聽電話的家長(zhǎng)需要耐心傾聽;[D]需通過(guò)客觀的局外人來(lái)調(diào)解。(答案:[B])

      (4)可以考查L(zhǎng)aura McHugh的身份,如:[A]兒童心理學(xué)家;[B]研究父母如何教育孩子的專家;[C]一個(gè)欺負(fù)人的孩子的母親;[D]某個(gè)社區(qū)組織的創(chuàng)始人。(答案:[C])

      (5)還可以考查最后一段中所舉實(shí)例的具體細(xì)節(jié),參見試題5。

      2. 推理引申題

      (1) 針對(duì)第一段末句You must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel考查接到電話的家長(zhǎng)的態(tài)度。

      (2) 可以考查第二段第一句的暗含信息,即,家長(zhǎng)之間的投訴電話長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)就存在,而且其內(nèi)容沒(méi)有改變。

      (3) 針對(duì)兩次調(diào)查結(jié)果的數(shù)據(jù)(89% of students and only 18% of parents;5% parents),可以推理家長(zhǎng)的態(tài)度。

      3. 詞義句意題

      (1) bully一詞在全文反復(fù)出現(xiàn),可以就其語(yǔ)意進(jìn)行考查。參見試題1。

      (2) 可以考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)第二段末句中playground recrimination的具體含義。

      4. 作者寫作目的題

      可以考查末段中引用LauraMcHugh的實(shí)例的目的。

      試題精解

      1. 單詞bullying可能的含義是________。

      [A]恐嚇和傷害[B]取笑[C]表現(xiàn)得像暴君一樣[D]嘲笑

      [精解]答案A本題考查根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)詞義。文章首段雙方家長(zhǎng)的對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的“bullying my child”與“My child is a little angel”相互對(duì)照,說(shuō)明 bullying是壞孩子的行為。第三段中提到打電話的目的是“想讓對(duì)方改掉他們孩子的殘忍行為”,cruelty一詞說(shuō)明了bullying的特點(diǎn)。此外第五段給出了bullying的具體事例:把痰吐到另外一個(gè)孩子的飯里。因此可推知[A]項(xiàng)“恐嚇傷害”為正確答案。[B]項(xiàng)雖然出現(xiàn)在第二段中,[D]項(xiàng)與其近義,但卻都只是其中一種形式,不足以概括所有的行為。[C]項(xiàng)含義不正確。

      2. 打電話給恃強(qiáng)欺弱者的父母________。

      [A](這種做法)長(zhǎng)期存在但內(nèi)容有了改變[B]經(jīng)常是通過(guò)仔細(xì)考慮后才做

      [C]常常導(dǎo)致責(zé)備和誤解[D]被用來(lái)警告這個(gè)孩子不要再做

      [精解]答案C本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第一段提到,打電話給恃強(qiáng)欺弱者的父母的做法自有電話以來(lái)就長(zhǎng)期存在了。第二段首句提到,這樣的電話不計(jì)其數(shù),但談話內(nèi)容卻一樣。由此排除[A]項(xiàng)。第二段第二句提到,沖動(dòng)的父母抓起電話,大聲抱怨。排除[B]項(xiàng)。第二段末句提到,這樣的電話常常只導(dǎo)致責(zé)備;第四段第二句提到,專家指出它可能會(huì)被誤解,使對(duì)方勃然大怒。由此可知[C]項(xiàng)正確。[D]項(xiàng)未提。

      3. 根據(jù)美國(guó)的調(diào)查表明,______。

      [A]成人中的恃強(qiáng)欺弱現(xiàn)象也在增加[B]父母沒(méi)有很好地看管他們的孩子

      [C]父母很少相信恃強(qiáng)欺弱者[D]大部分父母打電話解決恃強(qiáng)欺弱問(wèn)題

      [精解]答案B本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第二段第三句提到,研究表明恃強(qiáng)欺弱現(xiàn)象增加,父母看管減少,因此[B]項(xiàng)正確,[A]項(xiàng)無(wú)從得知。第三段最后用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明,父母很少相信自己的孩子會(huì)恃強(qiáng)欺弱。[C]項(xiàng)換成了不相信恃強(qiáng)欺弱者本身,錯(cuò)誤。第四段首句提到,研究表明5%的父母支持找家長(zhǎng)解決恃強(qiáng)欺弱問(wèn)題。[D]項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在most(大部分),與事實(shí)不符。

      4. 當(dāng)恃強(qiáng)欺弱問(wèn)題發(fā)生時(shí),父母應(yīng)該_______。

      [A]幫助恃強(qiáng)欺弱的孩子改掉殘忍的行為[B]求助調(diào)停者的幫助

      [C]避免變得太過(guò)自我保護(hù)[D]抵擋打電話的誘惑

      [精解]答案B本題考查作者觀點(diǎn)。第三段首句提到,受欺負(fù)的孩子的家長(zhǎng)打電話是希望對(duì)方家長(zhǎng)能改正其孩子恃強(qiáng)欺弱的毛病。可見,[A]項(xiàng)并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)。第五段首句提到,接到電話的家長(zhǎng)不要自我保護(hù)。第六段提到,如果你想撥電話,一定要忍住誘惑。顯然[C]和[D]項(xiàng)是分別針對(duì)“接到電話”和“打電話”的家長(zhǎng)而言的。只有[B]項(xiàng)在第四段提到,是教育者對(duì)雙方家長(zhǎng)給出的建議,因此也是作者同意的觀點(diǎn)。

      5. 勞拉•麥休許諾讓受到欺負(fù)的孩子做疾病測(cè)試是因?yàn)開________。

      [A]她兒子承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了[B]她害怕惹怒男孩的家長(zhǎng)

      [C]他可能會(huì)被這些疾病感染[D]她想給兒子一個(gè)教訓(xùn)

      [精解]答案D本題考查第五段的細(xì)節(jié)。該段舉例說(shuō)明應(yīng)如何正確對(duì)待一位憤怒的家長(zhǎng)的電話。該段倒數(shù)第三句提到,麥休許諾讓受欺負(fù)的孩子做疾病測(cè)試,不僅讓其母親平靜下來(lái),也讓自己的兒子知道父母是非常嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)待他的惡劣行為。由此可知[D]項(xiàng)正確。

      全文翻譯

      我認(rèn)為,電話發(fā)明后不久,就有人就打這樣的電話。打電話的是一位家長(zhǎng),他(她)說(shuō):“你的孩子在欺負(fù)我的孩子,我希望這樣的事情不要再發(fā)生!”而這位仗勢(shì)欺人的孩子的家長(zhǎng)卻回答到:“你一定撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了,我的孩子是個(gè)小天使。”

      自此以后,這樣的電話不計(jì)其數(shù),但電話內(nèi)容卻沒(méi)有改變。當(dāng)孩子遭到取笑或被蠻橫對(duì)待時(shí),父母的本能反應(yīng)都是抓起電話,大聲抱怨。但是最近,當(dāng)美國(guó)的研究表明以強(qiáng)凌弱現(xiàn)象在增多而父母的管教在減少時(shí),以強(qiáng)凌弱現(xiàn)象的研究者們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)給父母打電話毫無(wú)用處。這樣的電話常常只導(dǎo)致責(zé)備,并不能真正教育孩子如何在世界上生存和解決沖突。

      伊利諾斯州伊文斯頓市區(qū)的兒童心理學(xué)家勞拉•卡維許說(shuō),“當(dāng)你打電話給仗勢(shì)欺人的孩子的父母時(shí),你是想讓對(duì)方改正他們孩子的殘忍行為。但是許多父母對(duì)自己孩子有這樣的行為感到非常震驚,他們不愿意相信”。最近警察部門在華盛頓橡木港口進(jìn)行的調(diào)查顯示,當(dāng)?shù)?9%的高中生承認(rèn)有過(guò)仗勢(shì)欺人的行為。但只有18%的家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為他們的孩子會(huì)成為仗勢(shì)欺人者。

      在美國(guó)家長(zhǎng)與教師聯(lián)合會(huì)新的調(diào)查中,5%的家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)與其他家長(zhǎng)聯(lián)系來(lái)解決以強(qiáng)凌弱問(wèn)題。但是很多專家警告說(shuō)這樣的對(duì)話可能會(huì)被誤解,使對(duì)方勃然大怒。相反,他們認(rèn)為家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該找較客觀的旁觀者如學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)等來(lái)進(jìn)行調(diào)解。

      同時(shí),如果接到了一位對(duì)你的孩子仗勢(shì)欺人的行為感到憤怒的家長(zhǎng)的電話,你應(yīng)該傾聽,而不是一心想自衛(wèi)。當(dāng)加里福尼亞卡斯楚谷市的勞拉•麥休接到電話,被告知她13歲的兒子朝另外一個(gè)孩子的食物中吐吐沫時(shí),她就這樣做了。她兒子已經(jīng)承認(rèn)了。麥休說(shuō),“但受害者的母親想確保我兒子沒(méi)有傳染給她兒子什么嚴(yán)重的疾病”。她道歉并許諾讓這個(gè)男孩做艾滋和其他嚴(yán)重疾病的測(cè)試。她知道通過(guò)那種方式傳染疾病的幾率非常小,但她的許諾使對(duì)方母親平靜了下來(lái),并且也讓自己的兒子知道父母非常嚴(yán)肅地對(duì)待他的惡劣行為。麥休是教授父母技能的“父母教導(dǎo)孩子”組織的創(chuàng)始人。她將測(cè)試結(jié)果送給那位母親,所有項(xiàng)目都顯示陰性。

    2017年考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解:兒童教育和溝通結(jié)合相關(guān)推薦

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